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. 2022 Nov 26;14(23):5038. doi: 10.3390/nu14235038

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(A) Vitamin A (VA) metabolism and factors contributing to VA deficiency (VAD). (B) VA supplementation to VAD hosts reversed the negative impact of VAD on immune system and gut microbiota. Thin solid line with arrow—vitamin A supplementation (VAS) rescued effects of VAD; thin dotted line—VAS did not rescue the effects of VAD in clinical studies; thin solid line without arrow/?—VAS effects not known. RALDH, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase; REH, retinyl ester hydrolase; CRBP, cellular retinol-binding protein; ASCs, antibody secreting cells.