Table 3.

Chalcogenide-Based Nanozymes and Carbon-Based Nanozymes for Improving Bacterial Infectious Wound Healing

Type	Materials	Substrate	Synthesis Procedure	Microbial Type	Antibacterial Mechanism	Antimicrobial Activity	Special Characteristics	Ref.
Chalcogenide-based	nFeS	H2O2 (50 mM)	Solvothermal method	S. mutans, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, S. aureus and multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus	Nano-iron sulfides accelerate the release of hydrogen polysulfanes to inhibit enzyme activity, degrade DNA, and accelerate ROS generation	Kill bacteria with 3-log reduction of viability (from 107 to 104 CFU mL−1) within 10 min	The main antibacterial ingredient is polysulfane, H2O2 improves release, broad-spectrum antibacterial	[241]
	PEG-MoS2 NFs	H2O2 (100 mM), GSH	Facile one-pot hydrothermal route	Ampicillin-resistant (Ampr) E. coli, B. subtilis	Accelerates GSH oxidation to destroy cell protection system, generates ROS	Exposure to the 808 nm laser for 10 min, the bacteria inactivation percentages are 97% (Ampr E. coli) and 100% (B. subtilis), the statistical loss of GSH after 6h is 73.4%	Synergistic treatment of POD and PTT, low concentration H2O2, controllable	[168]
	UNMS NCs	H2O2 (140 μM)	1, Ice bath 2, Vacuum drying	Ampr E. coli, MRSA	Generates ROS, induce membrane stress and damage cell integrity, accelerate GSH oxidation	The capture efficiency of UNMS NCs was about 22.8% (AREC) and 35.4% (MRSA), in the presence of H2O2, reduce bacterial viability: AREC (99.7%), MRSA (96.7%)	Positive charge trapping, POD/PTT/Photodynamic triple-therapy	[243]
	MoS2@TA/Fe	H2O2 (100 μM)	Temperature requirement: 220 °C	S. aureus, E. coli	Generates ROS, accelerates GSH oxidation, alleviates hypoxia removes excess ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)	Reduction of survival = ~ 100% (S. aureus and E. coli), SEM: Bacterial surface roughening and wrinkling	Combine PTT, GSH loss, and POD/CAT-like activity, anti-inflammatory	[245]
	R-CMs	H2O2 (100 μM)	One-pot hydrothermal method	S. aureus, E. coli	Surface-adhering bacteria, generates ROS	SEM: Bacterial surface roughening and wrinkling	Rough surface increases the adhesion to bacteria, POD-like activity, PTT	[246]
Carbon-based	C-dots	O2	1, Heating 2, Column chromatography	E. coli, S. enteritidis	Generates ROS	Inhibition efficiency: 92% (E. coli), 86% (S. enteritidis)	Synthetic controllability, excellent water solubility, PDT	[260]
	SAF NCs	H2O2 (100 × 10−6 M)	“Encapsulated-pyrolysis” strategy	S. aureus, E. coli	Generates ROS, thermal effect	MIC = 62.5 µg mL−1 (SAF NCs)	POD-like activity and PTT synergy	[263]
	N-SCSs	H2O2 (10 mM)	Pyrolysis of colloidal silica/polyaniline assemblies	S. aureus, E. coli, MDR S. aureus	Generates ROS, disrupted cell membranes	SEM: Bacterial surface roughening and wrinkling	Larger surface area, good bacterial adsorption, photoexcitation, lower dose of H2O2, multienzyme activity	[262]
	o-CNTs	H2O2 (10 mM)	One-pot nitric-acid-assisted reflux method	Ampr E. coli, MRSA	“Competitive inhibition” effect of oxygen-containing groups weakens non-catalytic sites, generates ROS	SEM: Bacterial surface roughening and wrinkling	Synthetic adjustable, POD-like activity, competitive inhibitory effect	[268]
	GQD	H2O2 (1 mM: E. coli, 10 mM: S. aureus)	Modified Hummers method	S. aureus, E. coli	Generates ROS, oxidative lysis of biofilms	Inhibition efficiency = ~ 90%, SEM: Bacterial surface roughening and wrinkling	Lower dose of H2O2, best catalytic performance = 4 (pH), applied to antibacterial band-aid	[272]