Table 2.
MA WIC Caregiver Perceptions of FV Accessibility and Purchasing Post-CVB-Increase by Race/Ethnicity, Average Market Travel Time, and Food Security Status.
| FV Accessibility and Purchasing Characteristics | All | By Race/Ethnicity | By Market Travel Time | By Food Security Status b | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic | NH Black | NH White | Other c | p a | <15 min | ≥15 min |
p a | Food Secure | Food Insecure | p a | |||
| (n = 321) | (n = 149) | (n = 39) | (n = 88) | (n = 36) | (n = 173) | (n = 148) | (n = 153) | (n = 168) | |||||
| Market & FV access | |||||||||||||
| Where do you do most of your shopping? | 0.09 | 0.002 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Supercenter | 25.2 | 28.2 | 28.2 | 20.5 | 22.2 | 17.3 | 34.5 | 24.2 | 26.2 | ||||
| Supermarket | 68.9 | 62.4 | 69.2 | 78.4 | 72.2 | 76.9 | 59.5 | 73.9 | 64.3 | ||||
| Other | 5.9 | 9.4 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 2.0 | 9.5 | ||||
| How do you usually get to the store? | 0.005 | 0.14 | 0.06 | ||||||||||
| Car | 69.5 | 57.7 | 66.7 | 85.2 | 80.6 | 74.0 | 64.2 | 76.5 | 63.1 | ||||
| Public transit | 8.4 | 12.1 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 12.2 | 5.9 | 10.7 | ||||
| Walk | 5.6 | 7.4 | 10.3 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 6.8 | 3.9 | 7.1 | ||||
| Catch a ride | 15.6 | 22.2 | 15.4 | 8.0 | 11.1 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 13.7 | 17.3 | ||||
| Other | 0.9 | 0.7 | . | . | 2.8 | 0.6 | 1.4 | . | 1.8 | ||||
| Does your store sell the FV your family likes? | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.88 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 96.9 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 96.6 | 100.0 | 97.7 | 96.0 | 96.7 | 97.0 | ||||
| No | 3.1 | 4.0 | . | 3.4 | . | 2.3 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | ||||
| Are the FV prices at your store reasonable? | 0.47 | 0.45 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| Yes, reasonable | 72.0 | 77.9 | 64.1 | 68.2 | 69.4 | 76.3 | 66.9 | 83.0 | 61.9 | ||||
| No, expensive | 28.0 | 22.2 | 35.9 | 31.8 | 30.6 | 23.7 | 33.1 | 17.0 | 38.1 | ||||
| FV purchasing | |||||||||||||
| In the past month, could you get enough FV for your family? | 0.21 | 0.06 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 61.7 | 62.4 | 66.7 | 62.5 | 50.0 | 63.6 | 59.5 | 73.2 | 51.2 | ||||
| No | 38.3 | 37.6 | 33.3 | 37.5 | 50.0 | 36.4 | 40.5 | 26.8 | 48.8 | ||||
| In the past month, how much of your own money did you spend on household groceries? | 0.009 | 0.68 | 0.0002 | ||||||||||
| $0–25 | 13.4 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 22.7 | 5.6 | 14.5 | 12.2 | 20.9 | 6.6 | ||||
| $26–50 | 24.9 | 24.2 | 20.5 | 28.4 | 27.8 | 24.3 | 25.7 | 28.8 | 21.4 | ||||
| $51–100 | 15.6 | 18.8 | 20.5 | 14.8 | 17.9 | 12.8 | 10.5 | 20.2 | |||||
| $101–200 | 31.5 | 28.9 | 35.9 | 27.3 | 44.4 | 29.5 | 33.8 | 28.1 | 34.5 | ||||
| >$201 | 14.6 | 18.1 | 12.8 | 6.8 | 22.2 | 13.9 | 15.5 | 11.8 | 17.3 | ||||
Shown are the frequencies as percentages; due to missing data or specified “prefer to not answer”, some categories may not sum to 100% of the study sample. a p values determined by using χ2 test. Bold font indicates statistical significance. b Those who responded agreed with one or both of the following items were categorized as “food insecure” (else were categorized as “food secure”): (1) Since the start of COVID (February 2020), we worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more, and/or (2) since the start of COVID (February 2020), the food we bought just did not last and we did not have money to get more. c Those included in the “Other” category self-identified as Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, or Multiple race/ethnicities. The remaining 2.8% (n = 9) preferred to not report race/ethnicity.