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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Stages of metal deformation in port dies with separating bridges (edges), a core, and a welding chamber: (a) metal is separated in the core part of the die through port bridges; (b) metal flows into the welding and calibration zone through contact with the plate part of the die.