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. 2022 Nov 22;11(23):3717. doi: 10.3390/cells11233717

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Plausible strategies to improve TRAIL efficacy in TNBC. Predictive biomarkers like Vimentin, high-potency TRAIL receptor agonists such as multivalent anti-TRAIL receptors antibody, different combinatorial therapies including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, HDAC inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, different forms of nanostructures delivery system, MSC TRAIL delivery via exosome and along with possible immune therapies may enhance future TRAIL therapy in TNBC. Though to date, specific immune modulatory therapy has not yet been reported but there remains a scope to have the above illustrated immune modulatory delivery system to enter future clinical trials for TNBC. Figure was created with BioRender.com (accessed on 8 November 2022).