Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Unit | Cataract (n = 2137) |
Non-Cataract (n = 3497) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | ||
| Age [n (%)] | |||||
| 60–69 | 218 (7.9) | 391 (14.2) | 977 (35.5) | 1167 (42.4) | |
| 70–79 | 546 (18.9) | 982 (34.1) | 685 (23.8) | 668 (23.2) | |
| Education [n (%)] | |||||
| Less than middle school | 312 (8.4) | 1121 (30.3) | 874 (23.6) | 1394 (37.7) | |
| Higher than high school | 427 (23.2) | 204 (11.1) | 774 (42.2) | 432 (23.5) | |
| National basic livelihood [n (%)] | |||||
| Non-beneficiaries | 74 (13.1) | 205 (36.3) | 120 (21.3) | 165 (29.3) | |
| Beneficiaries | 690 (13.7) | 1168 (23.0) | 1542 (30.4) | 1669 (32.9) | |
| Marital status [n (%)] | |||||
| Single | 8 (15.4) | 12 (23.1) | 19 (36.5) | 13 (25.0) | |
| Married | 756 (13.5) | 1361 (24.4) | 1643 (29.4) | 1822 (23.7) | |
| Obesity [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 357 (14.4) | 573 (23.0) | 777 (31.3) | 779 (31.3) | |
| Presence | 225 (13.4) | 404 (24.0) | 500 (29.8) | 552 (32.8) | |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 293 (12.6) | 432 (18.6) | 762 (32.8) | 837 (36.0) | |
| Presence | 469 (14.3) | 938 (28.4) | 898 (27.3) | 995 (29.0) | |
| Diabetes [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 325 (11.7) | 556 (20.1) | 893 (32.2) | 995 (36.0) | |
| Presence | 439 (15.3) | 817 (28.5) | 769 (26.8) | 840 (29.4) | |
| Asthma [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 704 (13.2) | 1252 (23.4) | 1626 (30.4) | 1760 (33.0) | |
| Presence | 41 (16.9) | 90 (37.2) | 36 (14.9) | 75 (31.0) | |
| Sinusitis [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 701 (13.2) | 1262 (23.8) | 1592 (30.0) | 1756 (33.0) | |
| Presence | 44 (16.2) | 79 (29.0) | 70 (25.7) | 79 (29.1) | |
| Allergic rhinitis [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 690 (13.4) | 1252 (24.1) | 1560 (30.0) | 1688 (32.5) | |
| Presence | 55 (14.0) | 89 (22.6) | 102 (26.0) | 147 (37.4) | |
| Hyperlipidemia [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 554 (14.8) | 805 (21.5) | 1267 (33.9) | 1109 (30.0) | |
| Presence | 209 (11.0) | 568 (30.0) | 395 (20.8) | 726 (38.2) | |
| Heart failure [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 735 (13.2) | 1331 (24.0) | 1652 (30.0) | 1828 (32.8) | |
| Presence | 10 (27.0) | 10 (27.0) | 10 (27.0) | 7 (19.0) | |
| Physical activity [n (%)] | |||||
| Absence | 486 (13.0) | 975 (26.1) | 1033 (27.7) | 1239 (33.2) | |
| Presence | 246 (13.7) | 352 (20.0) | 617 (34.0) | 581 (32.3) | |
| Smoke [n (%)] | |||||
| Non-smoker | 662 (13.1) | 1323 (26.2) | 1284 (25.4) | 1779 (35.3) | |
| Smoker | 137 (23.4) | 34 (5.8) | 367 (62.6) | 48 (8.2) | |
| Heavy drinking [n (%)] | |||||
| Non-heavy drinking | 707 (13.4) | 1344 (25.5) | 1429 (27.1) | 1797 (34.0) | |
| Heavy drinking | 50 (15.7) | 13 (4.1) | 225 (70.5) | 31 (9.7) | |
| Nutrient intake (Mean ± SD) | |||||
| Food intake | g | 1394.1 ± 29.4 | 1105.0 ± 19.5 | 1576.9 ± 25.1 | 1261.8 ± 19.9 |
| Energy | kcal | 1892.8 ± 28.7 | 1421.0 ± 18.9 | 2026.6 ± 24.0 | 1558.1 ± 18.9 |
| Water | g | 874.3 ± 22.1 | 722.9 ± 16.1 | 1003.3 ± 20.1 | 847.1 ± 16.6 |
| Protein | g | 63.7 ± 1.1 | 46.5 ± 0.7 | 69.3 ± 1.0 | 52.3 ± 0.8 |
| Fat | g | 31.6 ± 1.0 | 23.0 ± 0.6 | 33.9 ± 0.8 | 26.9 ± 0.6 |
| Saturated fatty acids | g | 9.7 ± 0.3 | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 10.4 ± 0.2 | 8.2 ± 0.2 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | g | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.2 | 10.4 ± 0.3 | 8.2 ± 0.2 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | g | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 8.0 ± 0.2 |
| Omega-3 fatty acid | g | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.06 | 1.9 ± 0.07 | 1.6 ± 0.05 |
| Omega-6 fatty acid | g | 7.5 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.2 |
| Cholesterol | mg | 162.3 ± 6.1 | 118.5 ± 4.3 | 183.3 ± 5.7 | 138.8 ± 4.5 |
| Carbohydrates | g | 315.2 ± 4.8 | 254.0 ± 3.5 | 329.5 ± 3.9 | 272.9 ± 3.4 |
| Dietary fiber | g | 27.6 ± 0.7 | 23.0 ± 0.5 | 29.4 ± 0.5 | 25.7 ± 0.4 |
| Sugar | g | 51.9 ± 1.6 | 45.2 ± 1.2 | 56.7 ± 1.2 | 52.7 ± 1.1 |
| Calcium | mg | 493.8 ± 13.0 | 400.9 ± 9.8 | 541.6 ± 10.3 | 428.9 ± 7.9 |
| Phosphorus | mg | 1026.4 ± 17.9 | 778.8 ± 12.6 | 1103.6 ± 15.5 | 860.9 ± 12.2 |
| Iron | mg | 12.4 ± 0.3 | 9.7 ± 0.2 | 13.3 ± 0.2 | 10.6 ± 0.2 |
| Sodium | mg | 3310.7 ± 76.2 | 2314.8 ± 46.8 | 3549.6 ± 63.6 | 2533.6 ± 50.1 |
| Potassium | mg | 2842.4 ± 53.0 | 2284.2 ± 43.0 | 3074.1 ± 46.6 | 2583.1 ± 41.4 |
| Vitamin A | μg | 319.2 ± 12.1 | 261.1 ± 8.3 | 371.2 ± 17.6 | 299.7 ± 8.6 |
| Carotene | μg | 2809.1 ± 115.2 | 2248.3 ± 81.2 | 3151.1 ± 94.8 | 2630.7 ± 79.5 |
| Vitamin B1 | mg | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 1.4 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.01 |
| Vitamin B2 | mg | 1.3 ± 0.03 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.03 | 1.2 ± 0.02 |
| Vitamin B3 | mg | 11.9 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.2 | 13.2 ± 0.2 | 10.0 ± 0.2 |
| Vitamin B9 | mg | 372.7 ± 7.3 | 271.6 ± 5.5 | 372.7 ± 6.0 | 300.4 ± 4.6 |
| Vitamin C | mg | 55.7 ± 2.5 | 53.1 ± 2.3 | 63.7 ± 2.6 | 58.7 ± 1.8 |