Variables	Range	Source
Relational conflict	I strongly disagree (1) - I strongly agree (5)	Paskewitz & Beck (2017)
There is much relationship conflict among family members in our firm.
Family members often get angry with each other while working in our firm.
There is much emotional conflict among family members in our firm.
There is much personal animosity among family members in our firm.
Family social capital	I strongly disagree (1) - I strongly agree (5)	Carr et al. (2011)
Family members who work in this firm engage in honest communication with one another.
Family members who work in this firm have no hidden agendas.
Family members who work in this firm willingly share information with one another.
Family members who work in this firm take advantage of their family relationships to share information.
Family members who work in this firm have confidence in one another.
Family members who work in this firm show a great deal of integrity with each other.
Overall, family members who work in this firm trust each other.
Family members who work in this firm are usually considerate of each other’s feelings.
Family members who work in this firm are committed to the goals of this firm.
There is a common purpose shared among family members who work in this firm.
Family members who work in this firm view themselves as partners in charting the firm’s direction.
Family members who work in this firm share the same vision for the future of this firm’s direction.
Family firm performance	Completely dissatisfied (1) - Extremely satisfied (5)	Cooper & Artz (1995)
Relative to your rivals, how satisfied are you with your current performance in terms of net profit growth?
Relative to your rivals, how satisfied are you with your current performance in terms of market share?
Relative to your rivals, how satisfied are you with your current performance in terms of sales?