Figure 3.

Other pyroptosis pathways. Chemotherapeutic drugs induce the activation of caspase-3, which can cleave GSDME. Once GSDME is cleaved, its N-terminal can also lead to perforation of the plasma membrane, release of inflammatory substances and mediate pyroptosis. In addition, TNF and TLR3 can inhibit AIPs and Tak1, which in turn activates caspase-8 to cleave GSDMD, resulting in pyroptosis. GZMA and GZMB in cytotoxic lymphocytes can enter target cells through perforin and induce pyroptosis by hydrolyzing GSDMB and GSDME, respectively.