Table 1.

Literature-reported sensitivity and specificity rates for ctHPV DNA detection.

Author	ctDNA Diagnostic	Target	Sensitivity	Specificity
Ahn et al. [8]	qPCR	HPV16 E6 and E7	67% (n = 93)	100% (n = 9)
Siravegna et al. [28]	ddPCR	HPV E7 (multiple strains)	98% (n = 70)	99% (n = 70)
Mattox et al. [22]	ddPCR	HPV16 E6	8% (n = 66)
	qPCR	HPV16 E6	2%
	NGS	HPV16 E6	75%
Veyer et al. [29]	ddPCR	HPV E6	71% (n = 66)
Tanaka et al. [30]	ddPCR	HPV E6 and E7	67% (n = 93)	97% (n = 32)
Hanna et al. [31]	ddPCR	HPV E7	76% (n = 21)
Chera et al. [32]	ddPCR	HPV16 E7 and additional strains	89% (n = 103)	97% (n = 115)
Cao et al. [33]	Conventional PCR	HPV E6 and E7	65% (n = 40)
Wang et al. [34]	ddPCR	HPV16 and 18 E7	91% (n = 22)
Rettig et al. [25]	ddPCR	Unspecified HPV sequences and mutated oncogenes	43% (n = 7)	100% (n = 100)
Leung et al. [35]	HPVseq	E6 and E7 and full-length HPV strains including 16 and 18	100% (n = 17)
Tewari et al. [36]	Conventional PCR	HPV DNA		100% (n = 407)