Table 1.
A list of studies since 2000 describing effects of 3- and 6-phytase supplemented individually at different levels in diets for broiler chickens.
| Duration, Day of Age | Type | Activity, FTU/kg Feed |
% Change * | Reference ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14–35 | 3-phytase | 0–2500 | ADG 1 (16%), ADFI2 (7%), Ca 3 digestibility (12%), P 4 digestibility (16%) | [96] |
| 7–28 | 3-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (5%), G:F 5 (4%), lysine digestibility (6%), arginine digestibility (5%), AME 6 (3%) | [97] |
| 21–40 | 3-phytase | 0–800 | ADG (2%), FCR 7 (−3%), bone ash (4%) | [98] |
| 1–43 | ND 8 | 0–1000 | ADG (15%), ADFI (8%), FCR (−7%), bone ash (15%), bone Ca (8%), plasma P (45%) | [99] |
| 1–43 | 3-phytase | 0–500 | ADG (6%), Ca retention (13%), P retention (9%), bone ash (5%), plasma Ca (−2%), plasma P (7%) | [100] |
| 8–22 | 3-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (34%), G:F (16%), bone ash (14%) | [90] |
| 1–19 | 3-phytase | 0–600 | ADG (6%), ADFI (3%), Ca retention (8%), P retention (11%), tibia ash (2%), bone Ca (3%), bone P (2%), plasma Ca (5%), plasma P (5%) | [101] |
| 1–17 | 3-phytase | 0–12,000 | ADG (44%), ADFI (36%), plasma P (65%), bone ash (36%), Ca retention (15%), P retention (36%), phytate P disappearance (57%), AME (6%) | [102] |
| 1–42 | 3-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (13%), ADFI (9%), G:F (5%), bone ash (9%), DM 9 digestibility (2%), energy digestibility (2%), P digestibility (14%) | [103] |
| 1–42 | 3-phytase | 0–750 | ADG (4%), ADFI (3%), bone ash (3%) | [104] |
| 1–7 | 3-phytase | 0–600 | ADG (6%), ADFI (6%), bone ash (5%) | [105] |
| 1–51 | 3-phytase | 0–600 | ADG (−3%), ADFI (−3%), G:F (−1%) | [106] |
| 22–38 | 3-phytase | 0–500 | Plasma P (7%), P retention, Ca retention (11%), bone ash (1%) | [107] |
| 22–42 | 3-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (7%), G:F (8%), plasma P (48%), bone ash (11%) | [108] |
| 22–42 | 3-phytase | 0–4000 | ADG (17%), ADFI (7%), FCR (−10%), plasma Ca (−16%) | [109] |
| 1–35 | 3-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (2%), ADFI (2%), FCR (−4%), bone Ca (31%), bone P (28%), liver weight (33%), heart weight (−25%) | [110] |
| 7–25 | 6-phytase | 0–800 | AME (4%), P digestibility (28%), N 10 digestibility (3%), lysine digestibility (2%), threonine digestibility (5%), DM retention (3%), P retention (10%), N retention (6%) | [111] |
| 1–43 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (9%), ADFI (8%), tibia ash (7%), toe ash (8%) | [112] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–500 | ADG (15%), ADFI (12%), FCR (−3%), jejunum digesta viscosity (−17%), ileum digesta viscosity (−25%), duodenum villus height (8%), jejunum crypt depth (−11%), jejunum goblet cell number (−37%) | [113] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (16%), ADFI (11%), tibia ash (6%), Ca digestibility (12%), P digestibility (13%) | [114] |
| 1–15 | 6-phytase | 0–24,000 | ADG (37%), ADFI (13%), FCR (−28%), AME (5%), bone ash (20%), P retention (22%), phytate P digestibility (28%), lysine digestibility (2%), threonine digestibility (2%), total indispensable amino acid digestibility (4%) | [115] |
| 9–23 | 6-phytase | 0–10,000 | ADG (26%), bone ash (21%) | [116] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–2500 | ADG (15%), ADFI (16%), AME (2%) | [117] |
| 1–17 | 6-phytase | 0–5000 | FCR (−4%), tibia ash (5%), gizzard proximal pH (11%), jejunum pH (2%), ileum proximal pH (1%), ileum distal pH (6%), lysine digestibility (2%), arginine digestibility (2%), valine digestibility (4%) | [118] |
| 1–29 | 6-phytase | 0–2500 | ADG (18%), ADFI (15%), G:F (4%), AME (1%), sialic acid concentration (−8%), threonine “metabolisability” (2%) | [119] |
| 1–29 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (11%), ADFI (5%), FCR (−7%), erythrocyte-antibody complement cells (15%), CD4+ T lymphocyte subset (13%), CD8+ T lymphocyte subset (12%), Newcastle disease antibody (33%) | [120] |
| 7–21 | 6-phytase | 0–12,500 | ADG (23%), FCR (−15%), free retinol concentration (37%), liver coenzyme Q10 (39%) | [22] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (10%), ADFI (5%), G:F (6%), proventriculus pepsin activity (11%), jejunum alanyl aminopeptidase activity (9%), duodenum methionyl-aminopeptidase gene expression (5%), duodenum ghrelin gene expression (10%) | [121] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–600 | ADG (6%), bone ash (10%), P digestibility (31%), phytate P digestibility (29%), AME (4%), DM retention (4%), GE 11 retention (4%), N retention (7%), P retention (22%) | [122] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (11%), DM digestibility (9%), CP 12 digestibility (7%), P digestibility (41%) | [123] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (4%), DM digestibility (17%), N digestibility (9%), DM retention (9%), N retention (10%), Ca retention (23%) | [124] |
| 7–22 | 6-phytase | 0–12,500 | ADG (22%), G:F (16%), liver carotenoids (39%) | [125] |
| 8–23 | 6-phytase | 0–1500 | ADG (17%), protein gain (16%) | [126] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–500 | ADG (17%), ADFI (17%), mortality (−62%), BBS 13 (40%), bone ash (9%), Ca utilization (7%), P digestibility (20%), P utilization (11%) | [127] |
| 7–18 | 6-phytase | 0–12,500 | ADG (27%), DM ADFI (19%), G:F (10%), AME (2%), DM digestibility (5%), carcass weight (22%), retained carcass protein (29%), retained carcass fat (36%), lysine digestibility (7%), threonine digestibility (11%) | [128] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–2000 | ADG (8%), ADFI (7%), bone ash (11%), bone mineral content (20%), bone mineral density (13%), P absorption (12%), P retention (16%), Ca retention (14%), lysine digestibility (2%), threonine digestibility (10%) | [129] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–2500 | ADG (17%), ADFI (17%), tibia ash (9%), bone Ca (16%), bone P (12%), Ca digestibility (45%), P digestibility (4%), N digestibility (5%), energy digestibility (4%) | [130] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–2500 | ADG (18%), ADFI (13%), G:F (6%), AME intake (13%) | [131] |
| 15–57 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (16%), ADFI (10%), and G:F (6%), tibia ash (18%), tibia weight (33%), Ca digestibility (15%) and P digestibility (23%) | [132] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (7%), Ca digestibility (21%), P digestibility (19%) | [133] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–2000 | ADG (29%), ADFI (20%), G:F (10%), bone ash (15%), P digestibility (21%), N digestibility (2%), Ca digestibility (13%), phytate digestibility (27%), P retention (25%), N retention (−5%), Ca retention (36%), phytate retention (25%) | [134] |
| 1–43 | 6-phytase | 0–500 | Duodenum Ca concentration (−11%), duodenum P concentration (−8%), jejunum P concentration (−9%), serum P (9%), bone ash (4%), bone Ca (7%), bone zinc (24%) | [135] |
| 1–43 | 6-phytase | 0–500 | ADG (2%), FCR (−2%), blood glucagon (−21%), blood glucose (6%), blood triglycerides (−17%) | [136] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–1500 | ADG (10%), ADFI (5%), FCR (−4%), bone ash (4%), gizzard inositol concentration (45%), gizzard inositol hexa-phosphate concentration (−100%), gizzard inositol tri-phosphate concentration (−71%) | [137] |
| 1–43 | 6-phytase | 0–5000 | ADG (3%), FCR (−3%), ileum pH (7%), ileum Lactobacillus sp. (2%), ileum Streptococcus/Lactococcus (−1%), ileum total SCFA 14 (22%), ileum DL-lactic acid (15%), ileum acetic acid (34%), crop pH (−1%), crop total SCFA (48%), crop acetic acid (24%) | [13] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–2000 | ADG (16%), ADFI (10%), FCR (−7%), tibia ash (15%), toe ash (20%), Ca digestibility (21%), P digestibility (43%), threonine digestibility (3%), indispensable amino acid digestibility (3%), Ca retention (28%), P retention (33%), AME retention (5%) | [138] |
| 7–22 | 6-phytase | 0–4000 | ADG (8%), ADFI (5%), G:F (4%), jejunum villus height (14%), bone ash (7%), DM digestibility (4%), N digestibility (5%), energy digestibility (3%), P digestibility (35%), Ca retention (11%), P retention (21%) | [139] |
| 1–23 | 6-phytase | 0–1500 | ADG (36%), ADFI (16%), G:F (22%), bone ash (25%), P digestibility (31%), P retention (20%) | [140] |
| 1–37 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | Bone ash (10%), bone potassium (−18%), bone sodium (−15%), | [141] |
| 1–36 | 6-phytase | 0–5000 | ADG (9%), ADFI (11%), Ca digestibility (8%), P digestibility (17%), plasma Ca (8%), plasma P (18%), P excretion (−32%), bone ash (11%), bone Ca (8%), bone P (10%) | [142] |
| 1–42 | 6-phytase | 0–2000 | Final body weight (32%), FCR (14%), ADFI (22%), total amino acid digestibility (6%) | [143] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–1500 | ADG (14%), FCR (13%), DM digestibility (14%), N digestibility (18%), DM retention (5%), N retention (10%), gizzard inositol (36%), gizzard inositol hexaphosphate (85%), ileum inositol (40%) | [144] |
| 1–42 | 6-phytase | 0–6000 | ADFI (9%), FCR (4%), serum Ca (−13%), serum P (34%), serum total protein (16%), Ca digestibility (27%), P digestibility (36%), CP digestibility (6%), bone P (12%), | [145] |
| 1–28 | 6-phytase | 0–2500 | Ileum ash (−11%), ileum P (−21%) | [146] |
| 1–42 | 6-phytase | 0–2000 | ADG (3%), FCR (−3%) | [147] |
| 2–23 | 6-phytase | 0–1500 | ADG (7%), ileum total inositol phosphate (−41%), ileum inositol hexaphosphate (77%) | [148] |
| 1–36 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADFI (2%), P digestibility (23%), Ca digestibility (38%) | [149] |
| 1–22 | 6-phytase | 0–4500 | ADG (14%), Ca digestibility (−19%), P digestibility (15%), gizzard inositol (59%), gizzard inositol hexaphosphate (−99%), gizzard inositol biphosphate (20%), ileum inositol (56%), ileum inositol hexaphosphate (−91%), ileum inositol triphosphate (71%), sodium/glucose cotransporter 11 (79%) | [150] |
| 5–26 | 6-phytase | 0–1000 | ADG (21%), ADFI (15%), CP digestibility (3%), lysine digestibility (2%), P digestibility (20%), Ca retention (22%), P (21%) retention | [86] |
| 1–42 | 6-phytase | 0–3000 | ADG (6%), FCR (−2%), carcass fat (7%) | [151] |
| 8–22 | 6-phytase | 0–3000 | G:F (1%), plasma myo-inositol (37%), duodenum-jejunum inositol hexaphosphate disappearance (83%), duodenum-jejunum Ca disappearance (13%), duodenum-jejunum P disappearance (37%), ileum inositol hexaphosphate disappearance (71%), ileum Ca disappearance (6%), ileum P disappearance (31%), duodenum-jejunum myo-inositol (56%), ileum myo-inositol (71%), mucin2 gene expression (83%) | [152] |
| 1–35 | 6-phytase | 0–500 | AME (2%), N digestibility (6%), P digestibility (16%), magnesium digestibility (76%), N retention (12%), Ca retention (21%), P retention (27%), magnesium retention (62%), sodium retention (27%), jejunum total protein content (−3%), Ca-ATPase activity (10%) | [153] |
| 1–42 | 6-phytase | 0–40,500 | ADG (4%), ADFI (4%), FCR (−1%), final body weight (4%), mortality (−69%), carcass yield (1%) | [154] |
| 1–42 | 6-phytase | 0–2500 | DM digestibility (7%), ash digestibility (4%), Ca digestibility (4%), P digestibility (6%), plasma myo-inositol (9%) | [155] |
| 1–42 | 6-phytase | 0–3000 | ADG (4%), FCR (−6%), BBS (12%) | [156] |
| 1–42 | 6-phytase | 0–8000 | ADG (4%), FCR (−2%), AME (2%), lysine digestibility (1%), methionine digestibility (2%), threonine digestibility (2%) | [157] |
| 1–11 | 6-phytase | 0–4000 | ADG (22%), ADFI (14%), G:F (9%), tibia ash (22%), energy digestibility (4%), N digestibility (7%), P digestibility (47%), Ca digestibility (15%), lysine digestibility (6%), methionine digestibility (5%), threonine digestibility (7%), tryptophan digestibility (7%), arginine digestibility (5%) | [158] |
| 1–28 | 6-phytase | 0–4000 | RA 15 of Pelomonas (−74%), Helicobacter (−92%), Pseudomonas (−85%), and Lactobacillus (56%), CP digestibility (7%), P digestibility (16%), villus height (11%), BBS (14%), bone ash (5%), bone P (5%) | [14] |
| 12–23 | 6-phytase | 0–4000 | ADG (20%), ADFI (11%), G:F (11%), bone ash (19%), DM digestibility (4%), energy digestibility (3%), Ca digestibility (30%), P digestibility (49%), lysine digestibility (7%), methionine digestibility (5%), threonine digestibility (12%), tryptophan digestibility (7%), DM retention (2%), Ca retention (55%), P retention (53%) | [159] |
* The described percentages of change were in comparison with treatments without phytase supplementation. The described changes were considered significant with p < 0.05 and tendency with 0.05 ≤ p < 0.10. ** The references were selected from peer-reviewed literature available after 2000. 1 Average daily gain. 2 Average daily feed intake. 3 Calcium. 4 Phosphorus. 5 Gain to feed ratio. 6 Apparent metabolizable energy. 7 Feed conversion ratio. 8 No data. 9 Dry matter. 10 Nitrogen. 11 Gross energy. 12 Crude protein. 13 Bone breaking strength. 14 Short chain fatty acids. 15 Relative abundance.