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. 2022 Nov 23;11(23):3203. doi: 10.3390/plants11233203

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Metabolism of ·NO in plant cells. ·NO can be produced by nitrate reductase (NR), L-Arg NO synthase (NOS), or other reductive processes. ·NO can react by S-nitrosation with glutathione (GSH) to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-N=O). GS-N=O can be converted by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) into oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and NH3. As part of the signaling process, the protein sulfhydryl groups can react with GS-N=O and other S-nitrosothiols to produce S-nitrosated proteins (P-S-N=O). Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is an oxidant obtained by interacting ·NO with O2·−. The NOOO− can mediate the nitration of proteins (P-Tyr-NO2) and fatty acids (NO2-FAs). ·NO in the presence of O2 is transformed into N2O3 and NO2, which are subsequently transformed into NO2− and NO3− in aqueous media. Modified from [40].