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. 2022 Dec 6;27(23):8636. doi: 10.3390/molecules27238636

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of ZFO on membrane damage and intracellular leakage in P. capsici. (A) Transmission electron microscopy observations were examined to explore the effects of ZFO on the ultrastructure. CM: cell membrane; CW: cell wall; M: mitochondria; V: vacuole; L: lipidosome. (B) The electrical conductivity of P. capsici mycelia suspensions was tested to evaluate the effect of ZFO on cell membrane permeability. (C,D) The effect of ZFO on nucleic acid and protein leakage from P. capsici was investigated. The vertical bar indicates the SE of the mean.