Table 2.
Comparison of IoT-based technologies for smart cities.
| Reference | Technology | Frequency | Data Rate | Range | Used For | Main Application Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [22] | ZigBee | 2.4 GHz | 250 Kbps, 100 Kbps, 40 Kbps, 20 Kbps | 10–100 m | Control and monitor applications | Home automation. |
| [23] | Actuator | 100 Hz | 10Mbps | — | Produces mechanical motion by converting the energy in a control signal | Smart Lighting, Air conditioning in home. |
| [24,25] | MQTT | 10 Hz, 2 Hz, 1 Hz | 1 Mbps | 256 m | Interconnect devices | Transport System |
| [26,27] | Ad-hoc | 2.4 GHz | 10 Kbps | 100 m | Helps in emergencies | Smart Health. |
| [28] | GPS | 1575.42 MHz, 1227.6 MHz | 50 Mbps | 500–30 cm | Show precise location of an element | Waste Management System, Smart Home, Smart Parking. |