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. 2022 Nov 30;23(23):15010. doi: 10.3390/ijms232315010

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The quality of bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs. (A) Residual proteins contained in lyophilized powder (outside the exosomes) were almost removed through purification and isolation. (n = 3, data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; *** p < 0.001, compared with the control AMSC CM or bio-pulsed AMSC CM). (B) Small RNA profiles extracted from bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs and after RNaseA (100 ng/mL) treatment. RNA was extracted from samples and run on a Small RNA Bioanalyzer assay. The concentrations of exosomal proteins (C) and RNAs (D) were analyzed after lysing and extracting from both the lyophilized sEVs. (n = 3, data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, compared with the control AMSC-sEVs).