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. 2022 Nov 30;23(23):15010. doi: 10.3390/ijms232315010

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Bio-pulsed avian-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AMSC) sEVs enhanced collagen and elastin expression but ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). (A) Bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs upregulated the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, and ELN compared with control AMSC-sEVs in HSFs after treatment for 2 days. (n = 4, data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, compared with 0 μg/mL; # p < 0.05, ### p < 0.001, compared with the control AMSC-sEVs group). (B) After treatment with control AMSC-sEVs or bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs for 24 h, LPS-induced expression of cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 were ameliorated. (n = 4, data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; *** p < 0.001, compared with 0 μg/mL; ### p < 0.001, compared with the LPS group; $$$ p < 0.001, compared with the control AMSC-sEVs group).