Table 1.
The ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to bind pesticides to the cell wall. The experiments were conducted for whole live LAB cells. The initial concentration of an individual pesticide was 100 µg/mL. The presented results are mean from two measurements ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was calculated versus positive control (appropriate pesticide standard, 100 µg/mL), * p ≤ 0.05.
| Strain | Source | Remaining Pesticide Concentration (µg/mL) ± SD |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorpyrifos | Coumaphos | Imidacloprid | ||
| A. kunkeei DSM 12361 | Honeybee gut | 94.44 ± 0.34 | 70.29 ± 0.30 * | 97.70 ± 0.25 |
| L. rhamnosus GG | Human feces | 72.26 ± 0.45 * | 87.28 ± 0.41 * | 94.83 ± 0.31 |
| L. plantarum 8AN | Chicken feces | 85.68 ± 0.31 * | 83.60 ± 0.38 * | 81.88 ± 0.55 * |
| L. salivarius 9AN | Chicken feces | 94.21 ± 0.45 | 67.37 ± 0.31 * | 63.78 ± 0.45 * |
| L. casei 12AN | Human feces | 47.98 ± 0.23 * | 58.95 ± 0.20 * | 90.74 ± 0.25 |
| P. parvulus OK-S | Fermented cucumbers | 36.11 ± 0.25 * | 93.30 ± 0.29 | 73.12 ± 0.21 * |
| L. brevis KKA | Fermented cabbage | 66.98 ± 0.44 * | 77.85 ± 0.38 * | 99.10 ± 0.42 |
| L. plantarum 145 | Vegetable silage | 65.46 ± 0.38 * | 75.05 ± 0.20 * | 95.91 ± 0.45 |
| L. acidophilus 573 | Nd a | 100.31 ± 0.48 | 77.97 ± 0.51 * | 87.30 ± 0.61 * |
| P. acidilactici 4/1 | Robinia pseudoaccacia L. b | 74.75 ± 0.40 * | 92.15 ± 0.35 | 90.96 ± 0.31 |
| P. acidilactici 5/2 | Weigela florida DC. b | 38.26 ± 0.20 * | 60.28 ± 0.25 * | 97.54 ± 0.21 |
| P. acidilactici 6/1 | Centaurea jacea L. b | 84.88 ± 0.45 * | 60.70 ± 0.50 * | 84.22 ± 0.48 * |
| P. acidilactici 7/1 | Papaver rhoeas L. b | 62.04 ± 0.30 * | 49.38 ± 0.30 * | 95.54 ± 0.33 |
| P. acidilactici 8/1 | Sinapis arvensis L. b | 82.36 ± 0.41 * | 61.37 ± 0.35 * | 94.19 ± 0.27 |
| P. pentosaceus 9/3 | Trifolium pratense L. b | 99.08 ± 0.50 | 68.23 ± 0.40 * | 98.47 ± 0.42 |
| P. pentosaceus 10/2 | Sambucus nigra L. b | 69.18 ± 0.33 * | 97.84 ± 0.50 | 92.24 ± 0.40 |
| P. pentosaceus 11/3 | Philadelphus coronaries L. b | 64.91 ± 0.30 * | 100.97 ± 0.89 | 97.23 ± 0.29 |
| P. pentosaceus 14/1 | Lavandula augustifolia L. b | 36.07 ± 0.24 * | 42.96 ± 0.31 * | 98.32 ± 0.29 |
| L. plantarum 14/3 | Lavandula augustifolia L. b | 61.84 ± 0.30 * | 46.28 ± 0.22 * | 97.91 ± 0.51 |
| L. plantarum 18/1 | Buddleja davidii L. b | 58.65 ± 0.28 * | 82.96 ± 0.44 * | 99.08 ± 0.18 |
| P. pentosaceus 19/1 | Calluna vulgaris L. b | 98.99 ± 0.47 | 69.20 ± 0.30 * | 93.40 ± 0.39 |
| L. plantarum 21/1 | Fermented (spoiled) honey | 61.56 ± 0.29 * | 94.08 ± 0.29 | 97.45 ± 0.38 |
| P. acidilactici 22/1 | Royal jelly | 92.94 ± 0.46 | 91.83 ± 0.67 | 91.13 ± 0.68 |
| P. acidilactici 25/1 | Heather nectar honey | 74.18 ± 0.31 * | 89.23 ± 0.81 * | 98.42 ± 0.40 |
| P. acidilactici 35/1 | Goldenrod honey | 96.18 ± 0.48 | 50.81 ± 0.32 * | 84.22 ± 0.36 * |
| Analytical standard | - | 100.00 ± 0.86 | 100.00 ± 0.99 | 100.00 ± 0.29 |
a Nd—no data; b flowers.