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. 2022 Dec 5;23(23):15330. doi: 10.3390/ijms232315330

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Graphical Summary: Macrophage–Adipocyte Crosstalk in Obese Adipose Tissue. SFAs promote the activation of macrophage NF-κB, which, along with the active inflammasome, induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines disrupt adipocyte insulin signaling by inhibiting the IRS1-PI3K/AKT pathway. (Created with BioRender.com on 20 November 2022) Abbreviations: SFAs, saturated fatty acids; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; IKK, IκB kinase; IκB, inhibitor κB kinase; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; TSC1/2, tuberous sclerosis protein complex 1 and 2; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, Insulin receptor substrate; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; CR, cytokine receptor.