| AP-1 | activation protein-1 |
| ChIP | chromatin immunoprecipitation |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| DAB | 3,3ʹ-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride |
| DAPI | 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GIMI | glycerol-induced muscle injury |
| GPU | graphics processing unit |
| H&E | hematoxylin and eosin |
| HMGB1 | high-mobility group box-1 |
| IGF-1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| IHC | immunohistochemistry |
| IL-18 | interleukin-18 |
| mAb | monoclonal antibody |
| MuRF-1 | muscle RING-finger-1 |
| MyHC | myosin heavy chain |
| MyoD | myogenic differentiation |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-κB |
| Pax-7 | paired box 7 |
| pfu | plaque-forming units |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| PTA | phosphotungstic acid |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| RAGE | receptor for advanced glycation end-products |
| ROI | region of interest |
| SD | standard deviation |
| shRNA | short hairpin RNA |
| siRNA | small interfering RNA |
| TA | tibialis anterior |
| TLR4 | toll-like receptor 4 |