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. 2022 Nov 24;22(23):9135. doi: 10.3390/s22239135

Table 4.

Summary of acoustic features used in sound classification.

Acoustic Features Features Set References
Cepstral features Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) [11,12,13,15,17,24,27,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67]
Linear Prediction Coefficients (LPC) [24,61,63,68]
Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC) [63,68]
Log Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (LFCC) [68]
Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC) [61]
Perceptual Linear Prediction Coefficients (PLP) [24]
Spectral features Spectral centroid [27,44,62,63,65,66]
Spectral roll-off [17,27,44,63,65,66]
Spectral flux [44,63,65,66]
Mel spectrum [48,49,52,53,60]
Spectral moments [17]
Spectral slope [17]
Spectral decrease [17]
Modulation spectral features [70]
Spectrogram [71]
Energy features Short Time Energy (STE) [44,62,63,65,66]
Discrete Wavelet Transform Coefficients (DWTC) [27]
Temporal feature Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR) [15,17,27,44,62,63,65,66,68]