Table 1.
(a): Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors by serum magnesium status; (b): demographic and cardiovascular risk factors by dietary magnesium intake.
| (a) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Mg ≤ 2.07 mg/dL | Mg > 2.07 mg/dL | p Value | |
| N = 396 (99.2%) | n = 181 (45.7%) | n = 215 (54.3%) | ||
| Age (years) | 56.34 (9.20) | 57.04 (9.65) | 55.75 (8.79) | 0.167 |
| Male sex | 229 (57.8) | 108 (59.7%) | 121 (56.3%) | 0.563 |
| Weight (kg) | 83.00 (16.63) | 83.60 (15.96) | 82.49 (17.19) | 0.508 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.10 (4.91) | 28.21 (4.83) | 28.00 (4.99) | 0.67 |
| Smoking | 0.345 | |||
| Never smoker | 145 (36.6%) | 67 (37.0%) | 78 (36.3%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 171 (43.2%) | 83 (45.9%) | 88 (40.9%) | |
| Smoker | 80 (20.2%) | 31 (17.1%) | 49 (22.8%) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.56 (14.37) | 99.24 (14.17) | 98.00 (14.55) | 0.394 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120.54 (16.64) | 122.60 (16.31) | 118.81 (16.75) | 0.024 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.24 (9.99) | 75.93 (9.67) | 74.67 (10.24) | 0.514 |
| Physically active | 237 (59.8%) | 112 (61.9%) | 125 (58.1%) | 0.523 |
| Hypertension | 133 (33.6%) | 65 (35.9%) | 68 (31.6%) | 0.428 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 104.31 (22.63) | 107.36 (25.04) | 101.74 (20.08) | 0.014 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.57 (0.72) | 5.63 (0.74) | 5.52 (0.71) | 0.121 |
| Diabetes | 0.022 | |||
| No | 242 (61.1%) | 105 (58.0%) | 137 (63.7%) | |
| Prediabetes | 102 (25.8%) | 43 (23.8%) | 59 (27.4%) | |
| Diabetes | 52 (13.1%) | 33 (18.2%) | 19 (8.8%) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 218.05 (36.31) | 215.12 (34.54) | 220.51 (37.65) | 0.141 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 62.00 (17.68) | 62.14 (17.62) | 61.89 (17.76) | 0.888 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 139.68 (32.98) | 136.71 (31.51) | 142.17 (34.04) | 0.101 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 131.41 (85.12) | 133.42 (92.51) | 129.73 (78.54) | 0.668 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 86.62 (12.96) | 86.18 (13.13) | 87.00 (12.83) | 0.531 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.29 (0.28) | 4.30 (0.29) | 4.27 (0.28) | 0.298 |
| Serum phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.15) | 1.04 (0.15) | 1.05 (0.15) | 0.4 |
| Diabetic medication | 30 (7.6%) | 23 (12.7%) | 7 (3.3%) | 0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 100 (25.3%) | 49 (27.1%) | 51 (23.7%) | 0.517 |
| Lipid lowering medication | 42 (10.6%) | 21 (11.6%) | 21 (9.8%) | 0.669 |
| Diuretics medication | 54 (13.6%) | 23 (12.7%) | 31(14.4%) | 0.728 |
| Anticoagulant therapy | 8 (2.0%) | 4 (2.2%) | 4 (1.9%) | 1 |
| (b) | ||||
| All | Dietary Mg ≤ 155.2 mg/1000 kcal/day | Dietary Mg > 155.2 mg/1000 kcal/day | p Value | |
| N = 311 (77.9%) | n = 154 (49.5%) | n = 157 (50.5%) | ||
| Age (years) | 56.39 (9.10) | 55.86 (9.23) | 56.91 (8.97) | 0.311 |
| Male sex | 175 (56.3%) | 118 (76.6%) | 57 (36.3%) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 82.23 (16.60) | 85.79 (15.81) | 78.74 (16.67) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.95 (4.97) | 28.19 (4.64) | 27.71 (5.27) | 0.394 |
| Smoking | 0.495 | |||
| Never smoker | 115 (37.0%) | 52 (33.8%) | 63 (40.1%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 136 (43.7%) | 70 (45.5%) | 66 (42.0%) | |
| Smoker | 60 (19.3%) | 32 (20.8%) | 28 (17.8%) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.99 (14.56) | 100.86 (13.90) | 95.18 (14.69) | 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120.05 (16.36) | 123.13 (16.31) | 117.02 (15.89) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.80 (9.90) | 76.30 (9.97) | 73.34 (9.64) | 0.008 |
| Physically active | 189 (60.8%) | 88 (57.1%) | 101 (64.3%) | 0.237 |
| Hypertension | 108 (34.7%) | 60 (39.0%) | 48 (30.6%) | 0.151 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 103.44 (18.28) | 105.61 (20.96) | 101.31 (14.96) | 0.038 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.53 (0.59) | 5.56 (0.63) | 5.51 (0.54) | 0.438 |
| Diabetes | 0.531 | |||
| No | 192 (61.7%) | 93 (60.4%) | 99 (63.1%) | |
| Prediabetes | 83 (26.7%) | 40 (26.0%) | 43 (27.4%) | |
| Diabetes | 36 (11.6%) | 21 (13.6%) | 15 (9.6%) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 217.67 (36.18) | 216.32 (37.37) | 218.89 (35.05) | 0.532 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 62.63 (17.82) | 58.89 (16.89) | 66.29 (18.00) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 139.31 (33.50) | 139.25 (34.12) | 139.36 (32.99) | 0.977 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 127.65 (79.43) | 144.12 (97.15) | 111.49 (52.43) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 86.63 (13.10) | 86.98 (13.34) | 86.28 (12.88) | 1 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1841.53 (414.39) | 2004.73 (383.37) | 1681.45 (380.79) | <0.001 |
| Dietary calcium (mg/day) | 763.29 (205.97) | 739.29 (193.76) | 786.83 (215.30) | <0.001 |
| Dietary potassium (mg/day) | 2532.28 (503.22) | 2515.33 (470.74) | 2548.91 (534.16) | 0.557 |
| Dietary phosphate (mg/day) | 1111.75 (263.84) | 1130.93 (244.04) | 1092.94 (281.43) | 0.205 |
| Diabetic medication | 23 (7.4%) | 13 (8.4%) | 10 (6.4%) | 0.630 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 84 (27.0%) | 45 (29.2%) | 39 (24.8%) | 0.458 |
| Lipid lowering medication | 34 (10.9%) | 21 (13.6%) | 13 (8.3%) | 0.183 |
| Diuretics medication | 49 (15.8%) | 22 (14.3%) | 27 (17.2%) | 0.583 |
| Anticoagulant therapy | 8 (2.6%) | 4 (2.6%) | 4 (2.5%) | 1 |
Values are reported as mean (standard deviation) or n (%), unless otherwise indicated. BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.