Table 1.
Categorical Participant Sociodemographics and Mean Scores on Mental Health Disorder Screening Measures.
| Total Sample 2 | PTSD | MDD | GAD | SAD | PD | AUD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (N) | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | |
| Total Sample | |||||||||||||
| 100(412) | 18.64(16.47) | 369 | 6.47(5.78) | 383 | 4.98(4.59) | 369 | 11.17(11.24) | 364 | 1.94(3.97) | 357 | 6.57(5.69) | 329 | |
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Man | 55.3(228) | 16.88(16.39) | 218 | 6.15(5.93) | 226 | 4.47(4.45) | 217 | 9.35(10.11) b | 217 | 1.43(3.51) b | 213 | 7.12(5.41) | 194 |
| Woman | 36.7(151) | 20.30(16.13) | 143 | 6.77(5.49) | 149 | 5.64(4.63) | 144 | 13.47(11.98) a | 139 | 2.60(4.49) a | 136 | 5.94(6.10) | 127 |
| Non-Binary | 1.2(5) | 35.80(11.82) | 5 | 9.20(3.27) | 5 | 6.60(3.85) | 5 | 19.60(9.29) a,b | 5 | 4.80(3.42) a,b | 5 | 4.60(1.94) | 5 |
| Two-Spirits | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | F(3365) = 4.74 ** | F(3379) = 1.56 | F(3365) = 2.57 | F(3360) = 5.81 *** | F(3353) = 3.66 * | F(3325) = 2.55 | ||||||
| - | 0.038 | 0.012 | 0.021 | 0.046 | 0.030 | 0.023 | |||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Male | 56.1(231) | 17.12(16.54) | 221 | 6.16(5.90) | 229 | 4.46(4.42) | 220 | 9.47(10.16) | 220 | 1.45(3.51) | 216 | 7.02(5.38) | 197 |
| Female | 37.4(154) | 20.65(16.07) | 146 | 6.87(5.48) | 152 | 5.69(4.62) | 147 | 13.54(11.93) | 142 | 2.66(4.47) | 139 | 5.97(6.09) | 130 |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | t(365) = −2.02 | t(379) = −1.18 | t(365) = −2.57 * | t(360) = −3.47 *** | t(353) = −2.84 ** | t(325) = 1.64 | ||||||
| Effect Size (Cohen’s d) |
- | 0.216 | 0.123 | 0.273 | 0.374 | 0.308 | 0.185 | ||||||
| Age | |||||||||||||
| 19–29 | 11.9(49) | 14.52(14.29) | 48 | 5.22(5.11) | 49 | 4.61(4.08) | 49 | 10.73(10.96) | 49 | 1.43(2.58) | 49 | 6.56(4.80) | 45 |
| 30–39 | 26.9(111) | 16.98(14.34) | 105 | 6.84(5.94) | 110 | 5.27(4.32) | 105 | 11.86(11.40) | 106 | 1.35(2.98) | 99 | 7.56(6.48) | 93 |
| 40–49 | 26.5(109) | 22.65(17.46) | 106 | 7.04(5.49) | 108 | 5.81(4.95) | 102 | 13.21(12.13) | 99 | 2.62(4.52) | 97 | 6.69(5.34) | 90 |
| 50–59 | 22.3(92) | 18.60(18.03) | 85 | 6.43(6.16) | 91 | 4.34(4.64) | 90 | 9.74(10.91) | 88 | 2.07(4.46) | 89 | 5.98(5.83) | 82 |
| 60 + | 5.1(21) | 17.00(17.80) | 20 | 5.10(6.48) | 20 | 3.28(4.78) | 18 | 5.24(3.78) | 17 | 2.44(5.86) | 18 | 3.50(2.78) | 16 |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | F(4359) = 2.67 * | F(4373) = 1.21 | F(4359) = 2.08 | F(4354) = 2.49 * | F(4347) = 1.54 | F(4321) = 2.12 | ||||||
| - | 0.029 | 0.013 | 0.023 | 0.027 | 0.017 | 0.026 | |||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||
| High School or Less | 8.5(35) | 18.74(17.14) | 35 | 4.57(5.73) | 35 | 3.43(4.37) | 32 | 7.06(9.35) | 31 | 1.66(3.97) | 32 | 6.36(6.09) | 28 |
| College Program (e.g., Trade School; 2-Year College Diploma) | 37.4(154) | 19.02(16.79) | 148 | 6.77(5.87) | 152 | 5.26(4.65) | 146 | 10.85(10.28) | 143 | 1.92(3.85) | 139 | 6.95(6.07) | 123 |
| Coast Guard College: Graduated Fleet | 9.5(39) | 14.05(12.63) | 38 | 5.77(5.17) | 39 | 4.23(4.09) | 39 | 8.31(7.28) | 39 | 0.68(1.89) | 38 | 6.05(5.01) | 37 |
| Coast Guard College: MCTS Officer Training | 2.2(9) | 15.13(17.54) | 8 | 4.67(2.96) | 9 | 4.22(2.86) | 9 | 15.67(14.34) | 9 | 1.22(2.44) | 9 | 8.29(6.73) | 7 |
| University Degree (4-year College or Higher) | 31.3(129) | 18.55(16.53) | 121 | 6.73(5.78) | 128 | 5.10(4.36) | 125 | 12.34(12.46) | 125 | 2.31(4.31) | 121 | 6.74(5.57) | 117 |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | F(4345) = 0.80 | F(4358) = 1.50 | F(4346) = 1.57 | F(4342) = 2.50* | F(4342) = 1.39 | F(4307) = 0.33 | ||||||
| - | 0.009 | 0.016 | 0.018 | 0.028 | 0.016 | 0.008 | |||||||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| Asian | 2.2(9) | 18.44(18.53) | 9 | 8.00(7.98) | 9 | 7.11(7.30) | 9 | 13.75(15.74) | 8 | 5.13(5.46) | 8 | 2.86(3.24) | 7 |
| Black | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ |
| Hispanic | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ |
| Indigenous (i.e., First Nations, Inuit, Métis) | 3.2(13) | 16.69(15.06) | 13 | 5.92(6.13) | 13 | 4.31(4.85) | 13 | 11.69(13.28) | 13 | 1.46(3.86) | 13 | 5.60(4.35) | 10 |
| South Asian | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ |
| White | 82.8(341) | 17.99(15.92) | 323 | 6.23(5.51) | 337 | 4.77(4.26) | 324 | 10.39(10.17) | 321 | 1.74(3.63) | 315 | 6.83(5.86) | 291 |
| Prefer Not to Answer | 1.2(5) | 30.20(20.05) | 5 | 11.20(9.58) | 5 | 9.20(8.96) | 5 | ^ | ^ | 7.00(10.95) | 5 | 5.20(4.44) | 5 |
| Other | 3.6(15) | 30.53(23.84) | 15 | 10.20(7.78) | 15 | 7.93(6.63) | 14 | 17.21(17.44) | 14 | 3.92(5.17) | 13 | 4.17(3.19) | 12 |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | F(7361) = 1.61 | F(7375) = 1.65 | F(73,361) = 2.01 | F(7356) = 4.18 *** | F(7349) = 2.69 ** | F(7321) = 0.97 | ||||||
| - | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.038 | 0.076 | 0.051 | 0.021 | |||||||
| Marital Status | |||||||||||||
| Single | 20.6(85) | 17.66(16.35) | 83 | 6.20(6.31) | 84 | 4.99(4.56) | 79 | 13.47(13.25) | 79 | 1.96(3.70) | 79 | 7.28(6.83) | 72 |
| Married/Common Law | 63.8(263) | 17.90(16.33) | 251 | 6.28(5.59) | 261 | 4.86(4.62) | 253 | 10.53(10.42) | 251 | 1.79(4.00) | 242 | 6.40(5.28) | 226 |
| Separated/Divorced | 7.3(30) | 25.77(16.17) | 26 | 8.24(5.23) | 29 | 5.21(3.97) | 28 | 8.12(8.35) | 25 | 2.33(3.28) | 27 | 7.05(5.96) | 22 |
| Widowed | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | F(3358) = 2.82 * | F(3372) = 1.12 | F(3358) = 0.06 | F(3353) = 3.06 * | F(3346) = 0.18 | F(3318) = 0.82 | ||||||
| - | 0.023 | 0.009 | 0 | 0.025 | 0.002 | 0.008 | |||||||
| Province of Residence 3 | |||||||||||||
| British Columbia | 53.2(219) | 19.00(16.38) | 210 | 6.42(5.93) | 215 | 5.00(4.77) | 204 | 11.02(11.25) | 205 | 1.89(3.99) | 197 | 6.19(5.69) | 191 |
| New Brunswick | 1.7(7) | 20.71(11.91) | 7 | 6.00(5.60) | 7 | 5.43(3.64) | 7 | 8.83(9.28) | 6 | 1.71(2.36) | 7 | 6.20(2.68) | 5 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 6.8(28) | 18.89(15.17) | 27 | 6.04(5.27) | 28 | 5.61(4.53) | 28 | 10.57(11.68) | 28 | 1.96(3.57) | 28 | 6.75(4.86) | 24 |
| Nova Scotia | 9.0(37) | 19.22(19.60) | 36 | 6.08(5.68) | 37 | 4.86(4.74) | 37 | 9.72(8.77) | 36 | 2.62(5.04) | 37 | 6.79(6.77) | 28 |
| Ontario | 10.9(45) | 20.24(16.29) | 42 | 7.73(6.01) | 45 | 5.27(4.18) | 44 | 14.90(11.94) | 42 | 2.37(4.37) | 41 | 7.88(6.17) | 41 |
| Québec | 11.9(49) | 14.62(15.94) | 45 | 6.20(5.16) | 49 | 4.11(4.28) | 47 | 9.96(11.98) | 45 | 1.18(2.82) | 45 | 6.56(4.94) | 39 |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | F(6361) = 0.74 | F(6375) = 0.44 | F(6361) = 0.61 | F(6356) = 1.08 | F(6349) = 0.58 | F(5322) = 0.62 | ||||||
| - | 0.012 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 0.018 | 0.010 | 0.010 | |||||||
| Previous Work Experience | |||||||||||||
| Neither | 67.5(278) | 17.50(15.78)b | 263 | 6.32(5.67) | 274 | 5.06(4.50) | 263 | 11.51(11.18) | 259 | 1.85(3.68) | 254 | 6.76(6.05) | 232 |
| Public Safety Only | 15.8(65) | 18.56(17.01) a,b | 64 | 6.31(5.76) | 65 | 4.73(4.75) | 64 | 10.38(11.75) | 64 | 1.79(3.97) | 62 | 6.28(4.64) | 61 |
| CAF Only | 8.3(34) | 23.00(18.14) a,b | 32 | 7.68(6.38) | 34 | 5.09(5.17) | 33 | 9.91(11.41) | 32 | 3.06(6.06) | 32 | 6.11(4.96) | 28 |
| CAF and Public Safety | 2.4(10) | 35.20(16.66) a | 10 | 7.70(7.07) | 10 | 4.11(4.28) | 9 | 11.33(9.67) | 9 | 1.67(2.18) | 9 | 4.75(4.62) | 8 |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | F(3365) = 4.67 ** | F(3379) = 0.72 | F(3365) = 0.20 | F(3360) = 0.32 | F(3353) = 0.94 | F(3325) = 0.47 | ||||||
| - | 0.037 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.004 | |||||||
| Occupation Category | |||||||||||||
| CCG | 67.5(278) | 18.98(16.94) | 262 | 6.52(5.83) | 275 | 5.20(4.71) | 262 | 11.84(11.38) | 257 | 2.10(4.17) | 251 | 6.55(5.65) | 231 |
| C&P | 26.0(107) | 17.54(15.31) | 105 | 6.26(5.69) | 106 | 4.36(4.23) | 105 | 9.57(10.82) | 105 | 1.54(3.44) | 104 | 6.66(5.82) | 96 |
| Test Statistic 1 | - | t(365) = 0.76 | t(379) = 0.39 | t(365) = 1.58 | t(360) = 1.75 | t(232) = 1.32 | t(325) = −0.15 | ||||||
| Effect Size (Cohen’s d) |
- | 0.087 | 0.044 | 0.183 | 0.202 | 0.142 | 0.018 | ||||||
Notes. -: n = 0; ^: Sample size between 1 and 4, so data not presented. AUD = Alcohol Use Disorder; CAF = Canadian Armed Forces; CCG = Canadian Coast Guard; C&P = Conservation and Protection; GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder; MCTS = Marine Communications and Traffic Services; MDD= Major Depressive Disorder; PD = Panic Disorder; PTSD = Post-Traumatic stress disorder; SAD= Social Anxiety Disorder. 1 The test results comparing scores on mental disorder screening measures across categorical participant demographics. 2 Total percentages may not sum to 100 and ns may not sum to 412 due to non-response or responding “other.” 3 Province of residence: No values to report for Alberta and the Northern Territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut); a,b lettered superscripts within each column category indicate significant differences between category groups with different letters on outcome at p ≤ 0.05. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001–Statistically significantly different. Holm–Bonferroni adjustment applied to alpha levels to control Type I errors. Post hoc tests were not performed for some of the significant tests because at least one group had fewer than two cases.