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The process of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Ubiquitin binds to the target protein through the sequential action of activating E1, conjugating E2 and ligase E3 enzymes at the expense of ATP. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from the substrate by cleaving the isopeptide bond. The balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination regulates a variety of cellular processes. ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Ub: ubiquitin.
