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. 2022 Dec 2;14(23):5138. doi: 10.3390/nu14235138

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Heart MDA (A), GSH+GSSG (B), SOD (C) and CAT (D) of either chromium (Cr)-supplemented (9 weeks of supplementation) or nonsupplemented (Control S, Control FS, and Control FF) rats. 0.3 mg Cr/kg of body weight as chromium picolinate (Cr–Pic) or chromium nanoparticles (Cr–NPs) were added after the initial 9 weeks of experimental feed without Cr supplementation. Two types of diet were applied: a standard-fat-and-fiber (S) diet and a high-fat–low-fiber (F) diet. Rats at 7 weeks of age were fed with an S diet or an F diet for either 9 weeks or 9 + 9 weeks. The following groups of rats were studied: Control S, the S diet plus the S diet; Control FS, the F diet and the S diet; Cr–Pic FS, the F diet and the Cr–Pic S diet; Cr–NPs FS, the F diet and the Cr–NPs S diet; Control FF, the F diet and the F diet; Cr–Pic FF, the F diet and the Cr–Pic F diet; Cr–NPs FF, the F diet and the Cr–NPs F diet. Values are means ± SD, n = 8, p ≤ 0.05 (two-way ANOVA/Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). In rats fed with the F diet for 9 weeks, Cr–NPs and Cr–Pic decreased the GSH+GSSG. In rats fed with F diet for 18 weeks Cr–NPs decreased both the MDA and CAT and increased SOD; meanwhile, Cr–Pic decreased CAT and increased SOD. No significant difference between Cr–NPs and Cr–Pic was observed in MDA, GSH+GSSG, SOD, and CAT. Abbreviations: CAT, catalase; GSH+GSSG, total glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase.