Table 1.

Effect of household processing of orange on the concentration of pesticide residue and processing factors (n = 3).

	Abamectin		Buprofezin		Ethoxazole		Imazalil		Thiophanate-Methyl
Process	C (mg/kg)	P F	C (mg/kg)	P F	C (mg/kg)	P F	C (mg/kg)	P F	C (mg/kg)	P F
Raw agricultural commodity (RAC)	0.030 ± 0.004	-	0.189 ± 0.047	-	0.082 ± 0.025		2.113 ± 0.475		0.110 ± 0.030
Washing	0.020 ± 0.003	0.663 ± 0.115	0.136 ± 0.023	0.720 ± 0.121	0.050 ± 0.001	0.616 ± 0.011	1.643 ± 0.271	0.776 ± 0.127	0.019 ± 0.003	0.173 ± 0.028
Peeling: Separation of peel	0.080 ± 0.012	2.68 ± 0.42	0.650 ± 0.091	3.43 ± 0.48	0.396 ± 0.025	4.83 ± 0.307	2.963 ± 0.366	1.40 ± 0.176	0.404 ± 0.041	3.67 ± 0.37
Peeling: Separation of pulp	<LOQ	<0.330	0.080 ± 0.014	0.423 ± 0.076	<LOQ 1	<0.120	0.453 ± 0.011	0.216 ± 0.005	0.015 ± 0.005	0.146 ± 0.005
Fruit juice	<LOQ	<0.330	0.037 ± 0.001	0.200 ± 0.001	<LOQ 1	<0.120	0.580 ± 0.001	0.270 ± 0.001	0.039 ± 0.316	0.363 ± 0.063
Homemade jam	<LOQ	<0.330	0.019 ± 0.005	0.103 ± 0.028	<LOQ 1	<0.120	0.105 ± 0.008	0.050 ± 0.001	<LOQ 1	<0.090
Frozen storage of grated peels (1st month)	0.090 ± 0.017	2.83 ± 0.58	0.840 ± 0.036	4.60 ± 1.04	0.466 ± 0.030	6.07 ± 1.92	3.866 ± 0.075	1.90 ± 0.487	0.520 ± 0.051	4.88 ± 0.29
Frozen storage of grated peels (2nd month)	0.069 ± 0.011	2.32 ± 0.39	0.686 ± 0.025	3.62 ± 0.13	0.436 ± 0.005	5.33 ± 0.08	3.753 ± 0.254	1.78 ± 0.121	0.486 ± 0.127	3.53 ± 0.77
Frozen storage of grated peels (3rd month)	0.032 ± 0.011	1.11 ± 0.43	0.533 ± 0.020	2.81 ± 0.11	0.393 ± 0.152	4.80 ± 0.19	2.846 ± 0.06	1.35 ± 0.02	0.390 ± 0.085	3.26 ± 1.73

¹ LOQ: limit of determination, 0.01 mg/kg, residue amount (B) is taken as 0.010 mg/kg when calculating the processing factor for these processes (Scholtz vd., 2017).