Table 1.
Summary of the Evidence of Stress-Induced Cardiac Events During Major Football Tournaments
| Studies (Author, Year, Reference Number) | Related Sport Events | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|
| Lin et al, 201913 | A systematic review and metanalysis of studies assessing cardiovascular events during Football matches which included the FIFA World Cup, European Football Championship, English Football Tournament, and Australian Football between 1996 and 2010 | Viewing football matches was associated with a higher risk of fatal overall CVD (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12), and a higher risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.38) in both men and women |
| Wang et al, 202014 | A systematic review and metanalysis of studies assessing cardiovascular events during major Football tournaments like the European Championship World Cup; English Football Tournament; Australian Football League; World Cup Qualifications; besides Rugby World Cup, and Super Bowl taking part between 1980 and 2011 |
The pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI 1.01–1.36) for non-fatal acute cardiovascular events and 1.03 (95% CI 1.00–1.05) for vascular mortality |
| Wilbert-Lampen et al 200815 | FIFA World Cup, 2006 in Germany | The incidence of cardiac emergencies was 2.66 times that during the control period (95% CI 2.33 to 3.04; P<0.001). |
| Carroll et al, 200216 | FIFA World Cup, 1998, in England | The admissions due to myocardial infarction increased by 25% on the day England lost to Argentina |
| Witte et al, 200017 | European football championship in 1996 | The mortality from coronary heart disease increased among men on the day of the match when the Dutch football team was eliminated from the European football championship (relative risk 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 2.09) |
| Keller et al, 202118 | FIFA World Cup, 2014, in Brazil | The number of hospital admissions caused by myocardial infarction was 3.7% higher in Germany during the FIFA World Cup 2014 than during the same 31-day period in 2015 |
| Puche, 202219 | Spanish League competitions during 2018–2020 | An increase in the number of admissions due to acute coronary syndrome by 30% in males with cardiac risk factors on the days the local team lost. |
| Fijalkowski et al, 201321 | European Cup, 2012 | A case study of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a 56-year-old man with no past cardiovascular history |
| Elamin et al, 202122 | English Football League, 2018 | A case study of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a 79-year-old Sheffield United fan |