Table 5. Clinical Variables in Included Studies.

MMO = Medial Malleolar Osteotomy; LMO = Lateral Malleolar Osteotomy; AMO = Anterior Malleolar Osteotomy; NR = Not reported; * = posterior femoral condyle.

Author	Surgical Approach	Complications/ Failures	Donor Site	Donor Site Pain [n (%)]
Guney et al. [3]	MMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	2 (15)
Haleem et al. [12]	MMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	2 (4.8)
Shimozono et al. [13]	MMO	1	Ipsilateral knee	1 (4)
Adanas and Ozkan [15]	MMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	0
Bai et al. [16]	AMO/MMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	0
Basal and Aslan [17]	AMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	3 (27)
de L’Escalopier et al. (2021) [18]	MMO/LMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	11 (20)
Kim and Haskell [20]	Arthrotomy	2	Ipsilateral distal tibia	0
Li et al. [21]	MMO	2	Ipsilateral knee	0
Toker et al. [22]	MMO	2	Ipsilateral knee	3 (15)
Park et al. [24]	MMO	11	Ipsilateral knee	NR
Ahmad and Jones [34]	MMO/LMO	2	Ipsilateral knee	6 (30)
Yoon et al. [35]	MMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	4 (18)
Petersen et al. [36]	MMO/LMO	1	Ipsilateral knee*	0
de L’Escalopier et al. (2015) [37]	MMO/LMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	6 (16)
Flynn et al. [38]	MMO/LMO	7	Ipsilateral knee	2 (2.4)
Nguyen et al. [39]	MMO/LMO	3	Ipsilateral knee	2 (5.3)
Georgiannos et al. [40]	AMO/MMO	No	Ipsilateral talus	0
Wan et al. [41]	MMO	15	Ipsilateral talus	0
Zhang et al. [42]	MMO	1	Ipsilateral talus	0
Sabaghzadeh et al. [43]	MMO/LMO	3	Ipsilateral knee	NR
Fraser et al. [44]	MMO/LMO	3	Ipsilateral knee	4 (11)
Emre et al. [45]	MMO	No	Ipsilateral knee	2 (6)