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. 2022 Dec 10;13:7658. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35424-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Schematic of Cy5.5 labeled-tgg2-PP-MDL-800 NP synthesis. b TEM image of the tgg2-PP-MDL-800 NP (MDL-800 to tgg2-PP NP 20:1). n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. c Effects of the MDL-800 feed ration and incubation time on drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EF). The optimal feed ratio and incubation time were 20:1 (MDL-800 to tgg2-PP NP) and 24 h. n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. d In vivo imaging demonstrating preferential accumulation of tgg2-PP-MDL-800 NP within knee joint cavity. n = 6 mice per group. e tgg2-PP-MDL-800 NP was incubated in synovial fluid from OA patients. TEM was used to detect this NP after 30 days of incubation with synovial fluid. n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. f Human OA cartilage explants obtained from patients during surgery were incubated with fluorescent NP for 48 h, the excess NP was then washed off, and explants were kept in a complete culture medium for up to 30 days. n = 6 independent biological replicates per group. g Sagittal cartilage from OA patients' sections were examined for depth of NP penetration. n = 6 independent biological replicates per group. h The effect of tgg2-PP-MDL-800 NP on chondrocyte apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry at indicated time points. n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. i Cellular uptake of tgg2-PP-MDL-800 NP after 2, 6, and 8 h of incubation, respectively. n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. j Intracellular distribution of Cy5.5 labeled-PP-MDL-800 NPs and Cy5.5 labeled-tgg2-PP-MDL-800 NPs in human chondrocytes and quantification. n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Scar bar: g (left panel) 500 μm, d 100 μm, i 50 μm, f, g (right panel), j 20 μm. Data were presented as the mean ± s.e.m. P values are from a one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s post hoc (c, h) or two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (j). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.