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. 2023 Feb 17;77(3):902–919. doi: 10.1002/hep.32612

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Effect of mixed lineage kinase domain‐like pseudokinase (Mlkl) deficiency in myeloid cells on Gao‐binge ethanol‐induced bacterial burden and inflammatory responses. (A) Accumulation of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) bacterial DNA in livers from wild‐type (WT)→WT and Mlkl −/− →WT mice was assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). (B) Expression of messenger RNA for cytokines, including Tnf‐α, Il‐1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (Mcp‐1), and C‐X‐C motif chemokine (Cxcl5) in livers from WT→WT and Mlkl −/− →WT mice was assessed by qRT‐PCR and normalized to 18S rRNA. (C) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining (10×) for F4/80 in livers from transplanted mice, n = 5–7. Paraffin‐embedded livers were deparaffinized followed by (D) NIMP‐R14 (neutrophil) IHC and (E) LY6C (monocyte) immunofluorescence (IF) staining, n = 5–7. Representative images are shown. Images were acquired using 10× and 20× objectives, respectively. Red arrows indicate positive staining. Positive numbers were quantified using Image Pro‐Plus. Values represent means ± SEM; values with different superscripts are significantly different from each other; p < 0.05.