FIGURE 8.

Mixed lineage kinase domain‐like pseudokinase (Mlkl) deficiency inhibited phagocytosis by hepatic macrophages in vivo. (A) pHrodo red conjugated Escherichia coli bioparticles (50 mg/kg) were injected into C57BL/6J mice by tail vein and the radiant efficiency of fluorescence in the entire liver organ was measured by in vivo imaging system (IVIS) at 15, 30, and 60 min after injection. Saline was employed as the vehicle control. (B) E. coli bioparticles were injected into wild‐type (WT) and Mlkl ^−/− mice on chow diet or Gao‐binge ethanol diet. The radiant efficiency of hepatic fluorescence was measured by IVIS after 30 min. Images from individual animals are shown, n = 3–4 per group. (C,D) Microscopic analysis for (C) E. coli bioparticles only (red) or (D) colocalization (yellow) of pHrodo red E. coli bioparticles with F4/80 (green) in liver sections from both genotypes. Values represent means ± SEM. Values with different superscripts are significantly different from each other within the same color bars; n = 3–4, p < 0.05.