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. 2022 Dec 7;17:6113–6129. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S390378

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© 2022 Wu et al.

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Schematic representation of the impact of metabolites in EVs on the hallmarks of different diseases. Ten hallmark capabilities are as follows: accelerating cancer invasion and metastasis,⁵¹ supplying lactate and lipids,⁴⁴ regulating immune response,⁴⁵ promoting pre-metastatic niche,^46–50 mediating metabolic pathway,⁵⁶ boosting more EVs releasing,^40–42 joining in EVs intrinsic metabolic reactions,⁴⁸ promoting obesity and atherosclerosis,⁵⁰ transferring lipids to adjacent cells and initiating cancer development.⁵⁸ Created with BioRender.com.