Figure 4.
Schematic of the diverse sources involved in the research of metabolomics of EVs and the associated diseases. The source types include brain tissue, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, pleural effusion, urine and trophoblast. Brain tissue has been researched on chromochromic leukodystrophy (MLD).82 Blood can be specifically divided into plasma, serum and blood. Plasma has been applied to acute pancreatitis,67,68 ST short elevation myocardial infarction,69 preterm birth.70 For serum-derived EVs are notable in bipolar disorder,73 COVID-19,74 Alzheimer’s disease,50,75 The whole blood has been displayed on breast cancer.47 Urine tissue are always applied to research on kidney and prostate, such as salt-sensitive hypertension,78 and prostate cancer (PCa).79 Auditory cell-derived EVs has been utilized in drug- and noise-related hearing loss.86 For respiratory system, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-derived EVs are conducted on asthmatic.49 In addition, lung cancer can be studied based on pleural effusions-derived EVs.90 Moreover, trophoblast-derived EVs can be used to evaluate hypoxic injury to placental trophoblast.84 Created with BioRender.com.