Table 2.

Primary Effectiveness Outcome (Relapse).

Measure	Treatment (N = 38)	Control (N = 35)
	number of patients (percent)
Surgery	2 (5)	9 (26)
Emergency department visit	2 (5)	10 (29)
Total surgeries, emergency department visits, or both	4 (11)	15 (43)
Growth of secondary stones or fragments*	3 (8)	13 (37)
Total surgeries, emergency department visits, or growth of stones	6 (16)	22 (63)

^*Seven patients in the treatment group had residual fragments after ureteros-copy. Of the 13 patients in the control group who did not have a relapse, 2 were free of kidney stones after ureteroscopy.