FIGURE 1.

Bacteria have been shown to inhibit tumor growth through different mechanisms. Bacteria localize to the tumor microenvironment. Interactions between bacteria, cancer cells, and the surrounding microenvironment lead to various changes in tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines that further promote tumor regression. Different bacteria participate in the immune system in different ways, due to their different structures, they activate specific toll‐like receptor (TLR) family members to elicit distinct innate immune‐signaling cascades that ultimately translate to a comprehensive immune signature unique to each bacterial organism