TABLE 2.
Medication at Hospital Discharge
| Variables | No. Medications at Discharge | P for Trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Patients (N = 2578) | Quartile 1 (≤5) (N = 478, 18.5%) |
Quartile 2 (6–8) (N = 859, 33.3%) |
Quartile 3 (9–11) (N = 736, 28.5%) |
Quartile 4 (≥12) (N = 505, 19.5%) |
||
| Medications at discharge | ||||||
| No. medications | 8 (6–11) | 4 (3–5) | 7 (6–8) | 10 (9–11) | 13 (12–15) | — |
| RAAS inhibitors | 2004 (77.7) | 318 (66.5) | 669 (77.9) | 601 (81.7) | 416 (82.4) | <.0001 |
| MRAs | 1217 (47.2) | 179 (37.5) | 421 (49.0) | 366 (49.7) | 251 (49.7) | .0004 |
| ACEi or ARB | 1615 (62.7) | 250 (52.3) | 529 (61.6) | 492 (66.9) | 344 (68.1) | <.0001 |
| ACEi | 687 (26.7) | 127 (26.6) | 238 (27.7) | 185 (25.1) | 137 (27.1) | .79 |
| ARB | 942 (36.5) | 126 (26.4) | 294 (34.2) | 308 (41.9) | 214 (42.4) | <.0001 |
| BB | 1843 (71.5) | 288 (60.3) | 607 (70.7) | 556 (75.5) | 392 (77.6) | <.0001 |
| Diuretics | ||||||
| Loop diureticsa | 2113 (82.0) | 334 (69.9) | 683 (79.5) | 643 (87.4) | 453 (89.7) | <.0001 |
| Thyazide diuretics | 140 (5.4) | 12 (2.5) | 30 (3.5) | 47 (6.4) | 51 (10.1) | <.0001 |
| Tolvaptan | 239 (9.3) | 10 (2.1) | 49 (5.7) | 75 (10.2) | 105 (20.8) | <.0001 |
| Vasodilators | ||||||
| CCBsa | 897 (34.8) | 116 (24.3) | 255 (29.7) | 304 (41.3) | 222 (44.0) | <.0001 |
| Nitrates | 297 (11.5) | 9 (1.9) | 52 (6.1) | 111 (15.1) | 125 (24.8) | <.0001 |
| Inotropic agents | ||||||
| Digitalis | 151 (5.9) | 13 (2.7) | 35 (4.1) | 53 (7.2) | 50 (9.9) | <.0001 |
| Pimopendane | 129 (5.0) | 7 (1.5) | 23 (2.7) | 40 (5.4) | 59 (11.7) | <.0001 |
| Antidysrhythmics | ||||||
| Amiodarone | 197 (7.6) | 12 (2.5) | 55 (6.4) | 62 (8.4) | 68 (13.5) | <.0001 |
| Antidysrhythmics other than amiodarone | 150 (5.8) | 14 (2.9) | 38 (4.4) | 50 (6.8) | 48 (9.5) | <.0001 |
| Antithrombotic agents | ||||||
| Triple antithrombotic agents | 386 (15.0) | 9 (1.9) | 90 (10.5) | 139 (18.9) | 148 (29.3) | <.0001 |
| Dual antithrombotic agents | 1013 (38.3) | 68 (14.2) | 290 (33.8) | 352 (47.8) | 303 (60.0) | <.0001 |
| Aspirin | 1013 (39.3) | 68 (14.2) | 290 (33.8) | 352 (47.8) | 303 (60.0) | <.0001 |
| Other antiplatelet agents | 646 (25.1) | 32 (6.7) | 178 (20.7) | 226 (30.7) | 210 (41.6) | <.0001 |
| Warfarin | 678 (26.3) | 54 (11.3) | 204 (23.8) | 230 (31.3) | 190 (37.6) | <.0001 |
| DOAC | 578 (22.4) | 114 (23.9) | 216 (25.2) | 158 (21.5) | 90 (17.8) | .005 |
| Glucose-lowering drugs | ||||||
| Insulin | 205 (8.0) | 9 (1.9) | 48 (5.6) | 71 (9.7) | 77 (15.3) | <.0001 |
| Metformin | 76 (3.0) | 4 (0.8) | 15 (1.8) | 29 (3.9) | 28 (5.5) | <.0001 |
| DPP4 inhibitors | 444 (17.2) | 15 (3.1) | 104 (12.1) | 167 (22.7) | 158 (31.3) | <.0001 |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 13 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 6 (0.8) | 4 (0.8) | .07 |
| NSAIDs | 52 (2.0) | 3 (0.6) | 12 (1.4) | 18 (2.5) | 19 (3.8) | .0001 |
| Others | 3 (2–5) | 1 (0–1) | 3 (2–3) | 4 (3–5) | 7 (6–9) | <.0001 |
Categorical variables are presented as number (percentage). Dual and triple antithrombotic agents at hospital discharge were defined as taking 2 and 3 antithrombotic drugs (aspirin, other antiplatelet, warfarin, and direct oral anticoagulant), respectively.
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; BB, β-blockers; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; MRAs, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SGLT2, sodium glucose cotransporter 2.
aDrugs counted as 1 medicine.