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. 2022 Dec 12;11(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40068-022-00276-2

Table 2.

AV market penetration rates

No Scenarios The ratio of legacy vehicles (%) Automated vehicles
Level 1 (%) Level 2 (%) Level 3 (%) Level 4 (%) Level 5 (%)
1 Base 100 0 0 0 0 0
2 25% penetration 75 15 5 5 0 0
3 50% penetration 50 25 10 10 5 0
4 75% penetration 25 25 20 15 10 5
5 100% penetration 0 15 20 20 25 20
6 Upper bound 0 0 0 0 0 100