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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2023 Jan 1;92(1):17–26. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003107

Table 2.

Cause-specific mortality rates per 1,000 person-years in Veterans by cART era in which they were diagnosed with HIV (n=4,674).

Causes of death n (%)1 MR (95% CI) per 1,000 PY Early- vs. pre-cART eras Late- vs. early-cART eras
Pre-cART era2 Early-cART era2 Late-cART era2 IDR (95% CI) P-value IDR (95% CI) P-value
All-cause3 1,752 (100.0) 39.10 (37.05, 41.15) 19.33 (17.15, 21.52) 13.62 (9.92, 17.33) 0.49 (0.44, 0.56) <0.001 0.70 (0.53, 0.95) 0.020
 AIDS-related4 724 (51.3) 17.64 (16.26, 19.01) 5.14 (4.01, 6.26) 3.41 (1.55, 5.26) 0.29 (0.23, 0.37) <0.001 0.66 (0.37, 1.19) 0.169
  Infection 631 (44.7) 15.32 (14.03, 16.60) 4.62 (3.56, 5.69) 2.88 (1.18, 4.59) 0.30 (0.24, 0.39) <0.001 0.62 (0.33, 1.18) 0.144
  Malignancy 93 (6.6) 2.32 (1.82, 2.82) 0.51 (0.16, 0.87) 0.52 (0.00, 1.25) 0.22 (0.11, 0.46) <0.001 1.02 (0.22, 4.80) 0.980
 Non-AIDS-related4 687 (48.7) 14.37 (13.12, 15.61) 9.19 (7.68, 10.69) 7.86 (5.05, 10.67) 0.64 (0.53, 0.77) <0.001 0.86 (0.58, 1.27) 0.438
  Cardiovascular disease 67 (4.8) 1.12 (0.77, 1.46) 1.41 (0.82, 2.00) 1.31 (0.16, 2.46) 1.26 (0.75, 2.13) 0.378 0.93 (0.35, 2.45) 0.879
  Infection5 96 (6.8) 2.40 (1.90, 2.91) 0.58 (0.20, 0.96) 0.26 (0.00, 0.78) 0.24 (0.12, 0.48) <0.001 0.45 (0.06, 3.58) 0.453
  Liver-related6 97 (6.9) 2.21 (1.72, 2.70) 1.09 (0.57, 1.61) 0.26 (0.00, 0.78) 0.49 (0.29, 0.84) 0.008 0.24 (0.03, 1.80) 0.165
  Malignancy6 128 (9.1) 2.10 (1.62, 2.57) 2.57 (1.77, 3.37) 3.41 (1.55, 5.26) 1.23 (0.84, 1.80) 0.299 1.33 (0.71, 2.48) 0.377
  Renal failure 49 (3.5) 0.95 (0.63, 1.27) 0.96 (0.48, 1.45) 0.26 (0.00, 0.78) 1.01 (0.55, 1.86) 0.965 0.27 (0.04, 2.06) 0.207
  Respiratory disease5 124 (8.8) 3.10 (2.53, 3.68) 0.58 (0.20, 0.96) 1.05 (0.02, 2.08) 0.19 (0.09, 0.37) <0.001 1.81 (0.56, 5.89) 0.322
  Sudden death 70 (5.0) 1.09 (0.75, 1.43) 1.67 (1.03, 2.31) 1.31 (0.16, 2.46) 1.53 (0.93, 2.52) 0.092 0.78 (0.30, 2.04) 0.619
  Violence6 56 (4.0) 1.40 (1.01, 1.78) 0.32 (0.04, 0.60) 0.26 (0.00, 0.78) 0.23 (0.09, 0.58) 0.002 0.82 (0.10, 6.98) 0.853

AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDR, incidence density ratio; MR, mortality rate; PY, person-years.

1

Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding up to the nearest tenth.

2

Pre-cART, 1984–1996 (n=1,366); early-cART, 1997–2006 (n=291); late-cART, 2007–2016 (n=49).

3

Includes deaths for which the cause is unknown (n=265) or other (n=76).

4

Includes only those sub-categories enumerated below.

5

Pulmonary infections included in respiratory, not infection.

6

HCC included in liver, not malignancy.

7

Includes suicide and drug-related causes of death.