TABLE 1.

The main raw materials and characteristics of hydrogel wound dressing.

	Type	Material	Characteristic	Origin	Reference
Natural substanc-es	Polysacc-haride	Alginates (alginic acid)	High biocompatibility; low cost; can undergo gelation with divalent cations under mild conditions suitable for encapsulation of bioactive molecules and living cells	Algae cell walls	Sun et al. (2016)
		Chitosan	Antibacterial activity; the positive charge of protonated amino group of chitosan can interacts with the negative charge molecules on the surface of bacterial cells; good biocompatibility; biodegradability and are good cell and drug carriers; poor mechanical properties	Deacetylated chitin from crustaceans	Tian et al. (2021)
		Cellulose	3D fibrous; porous microstructure; high water content (98–99%); water uptake and water retention capacity; high mechanical strength and flexibility; good permeability; biodegradability; biocompatibility	Algae/plant cell walls or secreted by bacteria	Alven and Aderibigbe, (2020)
		Hyaluronic acid	High water retention capacity; elasticity; vital element of viscoelastic tissues; not adhesive for cells	ECM component	da Silva et al. (2017)
		Sodium alginate	Excellent biocompatibility; potential hemostatic biomaterials; ease of gelation; high hydrophilicity; biodegradability	Kelp, seaweed	Zhenkun Zhang et al. (2021)
		Gum arabic	Antibacterial and antioxidant activities	Arabic	Ahmad et al. (2019)
	protein	Collagen	Inhibit bacterial growth; prolonged inflammatory response; low immunogenicity; biocompatibility; similarity to the natural ECM	ECM component	Garg et al. (2014)
		Elastin	Inherent biocompatibility; biodegradability; weak mechanical; adhesive properties	ECM component	Rodriguez-Cabello et al. (2018)
		Fibrin and Fibrinogen	The similarity properties of physiological fibrin; can activate the coagulation cascade; extensibility	Blood clotting protein	Murphy et al. (2017)
		Gelatin	Derivative of collagen; excellent gelling properties; biocompatible; biodegradable; poor mechanical properties	Hydrolyzed collagen	Dong et al. (2018)
		Silk fibroin	Biocompatibility; tunable mechanical properties and degradation rate; limited inflammation-inducing properties	Silk	Han et al. (2021)
Artificial synthetic materials	PAA	Poly (acrylic acid)	Biocompatible; biodegradable; enhance cell adhesion and proliferation	Synthesized from acrylic acid	Rasool et al. (2019)
	PEG	Poly (ethylene glycol)	Can leads to cytoplasmic spreading and the formation of cellular networks that improves cellular delivery and extends survival time of cells; can enhance the mechanical strength, degradation rate and stability of hydrogel	Synthesized From ethylene oxide	Guerra et al. (2017)
	PLGA	Poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)	Biocompatible; biodegradable; its hydrolysis products can be uptaken in the cellular metabolic pathway	Synthesized from glycolic acid and lactic acid	Lee et al. (2007)
	Polypepti-des	Various amino acid sequences	Self-assembled supramolecular physical gel; biodegradability; target specificity; less side effects; injectable; amphiphilic; safety	Amino acid chains bound covalently (by peptide bonds)	Cai et al. (2020)
	Pluronic F-127	Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol	Unique heat-sensitive properties; injectable; biodegradable; porous structure; mild inflammatory property; the ability to absorb the secretions from the wound surface	Synthesized from ethylene and propylene glycol	Jiao et al. (2021)