TABLE 2.

Application of hydrogel combined with stem cells in diabetic wound healing.

Stem cell	Hydrogel	Model	Function	Stage of research	Reference
BMSCs	Chitosan polyurethane hydrogel	Rats	Promote bone healing and reduce inflammation	Preclinical	Viezzer et al. (2020)
BMSCs	N-chitosan and Hyaluronic acid hydrogel	SD rats	Promote secretion of factors to inhibit chronic inflammation	Preclinical	Haotian Bai et al. (2020)
BMSCs	Hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite hydrogel	SD rats	Activate angiogenesis and promote wound healing	Preclinical	Li et al. (2016)
BMSCs	Porcine submucosal hydrogel	Rats	Promote the proliferation and migration of cells and promote angiogenesis	Preclinical	Ma et al. (2022)
ADSCs	Gelatin sericin hydrogel	Wistar rat	Inhibit ROS damage and promote wound angiogenesis	Preclinical	Tyeb et al. (2020)
ADSCs	Gel-PEG hydrogel	Db/db diabetic mice	Reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and enhance neovascularization	Preclinical	Dong et al. (2018)
ADSCs	Hyaluronidase-based spongy hydrogel	Mice	Promote the growth of new nerves, reduce the number of macrophages	Preclinical	da Silva et al. (2017)
ADSCs	Elastomeric antioxidant polyurethane hydrogel	Rats	Prevent infection, fibroblast proliferation, and granulation tissue formation	Preclinical	Shiekh et al. (2020)
ADSCs	Polypeptide-based FHE hydrogel	HUVEC	Promote cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis	Preclinical	Tyeb et al. (2020)
ADSCs	Hydrogel sheet	Diabetic patients	Treatment group showed significantly faster complete wound closure	Clinical Trial	Moon et al. (2019)
UCMSCs	F-127 hydrogel	Rats	Enhance VEGF and TGFβ-1 expression	Preclinical	Yang et al. (2020)
UCMSCs	Collagen and polyethylene glycol hydrogel	Rats	Decrease TNF-α expression and increase VEGF expression	Preclinical	Li Zhang et al. (2021)
WJMSCs	PF-127 hydrogel	Rats	Improve dermis regeneration and collagen deposition	Preclinical	Jiao et al. (2021)
MDSCs	Thermosensitiv-e hydrogel PEG-PLGA-PEG	Db/db diabetic mice	improve wound healing and promote the development of the essential cells for wound repair	Preclinical	Lee et al. (2007)