Table 2.

Echocardiographic PFO characteristics.

	CS	non-CS	P -value
	(n = 75)	(n = 147)
Left atrium	27 (25~28)	26 (24~29)	0.021
Aortic sinus	30 (28~32)	29 (26~31)	0.005
Ascending aorta	30 (28~32)	29 (26~31)	0.003
Height at rest	1.1 (0.8~1.7)	1.0 (0.7~1.6)	0.185
Height during the Valsalva	2.9 (1.9~4.1)	2.0 (1.4~2.8)	< 0.001
Height change	1.9 (1.1~3.0)	1.0 (0.6~1.5)	< 0.001
Percentage change of height	120 (71~200)	90 (52~150)	0.004
Length at rest	8.2 (6.6~11.0)	7.7 (5.6~10.1)	0.040
Length during the Valsalva	9.1 (6.4~11.3)	7.9 (5.5~10.0)	0.011
Length change	1.0 (0.4~1.8)	0.7 (0.4~1.4)	0.198
Percentage change of length	11 (4~21)	11 (4~20)	0.664
Large PFO	58 (77.3%)	65 (44.2%)	< 0.001
Long-tunnel PFO	47 (62.7%)	71 (48.3%)	0.043
ASA	16 (21.3%)	8 (5.4%)	< 0.001
Hypermobile interatrial septum	14 (18.7%)	12 (8.2%)	0.021
Sustained RLS at rest	43 (53.3%)	45 (30.6%)	< 0.001

CS, cryptogenic stroke; PFO, patent foramen ovale; ASA, atrial septal aneurysm; RLS, right to left shunt.