Table 1.
Demographic and clinical information for MSA and HCs.
| Variables | Time point | MSA (n = 117) | HCs (n = 416) | P1 value | P2 value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | baseline | 59.45 ± 7.50 | 58.83 ± 6.47 | 0.495 | - |
| Sex, n (%) | baseline | ||||
| Male | 62 (53.0) | 221 (53.1) | 0.98 | - | |
| Female | 55 (47.0) | 195 (46.9) | |||
| BMI | baseline | 23.71 ± 3.88 | 23.95 ± 2.93 | 0.17 | - |
| Diagnostic subtype, n (%) | baseline | ||||
| MSA-P | 48 (41.0) | - | - | - | |
| MSA-C | 69 (59.0) | - | |||
| Age of onset, year | baseline | 57.76 ± 7.41 | - | - | - |
| Disease duration, year | baseline | 1.69 ± 0.74 | - | - | - |
| Educational year | baseline | 9.39 ± 3.63 | - | - | - |
| UMSARS-I score | baseline | 13.09 ± 5.78 | - | - | <0.001* |
| 1-year FU | 18.70 ± 7.12 | - | - | ||
| UMSARS-II score | baseline | 14.68 ± 6.08 | - | - | <0.001* |
| 1-year FU | 21.87 ± 7.24 | - | - | ||
| UMSARS-IV score | baseline | 1.78 ± 0.81 | - | - | <0.001* |
| 1-year FU | 2.38 ± 1.04 | - | - | ||
| Total UMSARS score | baseline | 27.78 ± 10.98 | - | - | <0.001* |
| 1-year FU | 40.57 ± 13.71 | - | - | ||
| OH, n (%) | baseline | 42 (35.9) | - | - | 0.041* |
| 1-year FU | 57 (48.7) | - | - | ||
| MoCA score | baseline | 22.66 ± 3.86 | - | - | <0.001* |
| 1-year FU | 20.13 ± 5.30 | - | - | ||
| CI, n (%) | baseline | 35 (29.9) | 0.001* | ||
| 1-year FU | 59 (50.4) | ||||
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | baseline | 0.92 ± 0.17 | 0.86 ± 0.12 | <0.001* | - |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | baseline | 67.31 ± 14.31 | 65.30 ± 13.60 | 0.302 | - |
| Urea (mmol/L) | baseline | 5.47 ± 1.49 | 5.05 ± 1.26 | 0.004* | - |
| eGFR (ml/min) | baseline | 96.06 ± 12.94 | 96.49 ± 10.41 | 0.476 | - |
MSA: multiple system atrophy; HCs: healthy controls; BMI: body mass index; MSA-P: multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism; MSA-C: multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia; UMSARS: Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale; OH: orthostatic hypotension; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment; CI: cognitive impairment; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FU: follow-up. P1 value: comparison between MSA and HC. P2 value: comparison between baseline and 1-year FU. *Significant difference.