Table 1.
Examples of allelopathic plants with their potent allelochemical against sensitive plants.
| Allelopathic plant | Main allelochemical | Sensitive/target plants | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) | Juglone | Horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist), hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist), purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and tall annual morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth) | Shrestha, 2009 |
| Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) | 1,8-cineol | Common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) | Azizi and Fuji, 2006 |
| Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) | Ailanthone | Common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), foxtail (Setaria glauca (L.) P.Beauv.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) P.Beauv.), and corn (Zea mays L.) | Heisey, 1996 |
| Fine fescue grasses (Festuca spp.) | M-tyrosine | Rape (Brassica nigra (L.) K.Koch), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) | Peters, 1968; Stephenson and Posler, 1988; Bertin et al., 2007 |
| Rice (Oryza sativa L.) | Tricin and Momilactone B | Jungle rice (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link), monarch redstem (Ammannia baccifera L.), and gulf leaf flower (Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster), flatsedge (Cyperus iria L.) | Khan and Vaishya, 1992; Lin et al., 1992 |
| Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) | Sorgoleone | False cleavers (Galium spurium L.), Japanese dock (Rumex japonicus Houtt.), Indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica L.), and common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) | Uddin M. et al., 2013 |
| Ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) | Parthenin | Green amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.), coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.), and small-seeded canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) | Batish et al., 2007 |
| Common lantana (Lantana camara L.) | Lantadene A and lantadene B | Water hyacinths (Pontederia crassipes Mart.), Microcystis aeruginosa, small-seeded canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.), common wild oat (Avena fatua L.), lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium
album L.), toothed dock (Rumex dentatus L.) |
Kong et al., 2006 |
| morning glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav.) | Tricolorin A | Annual Ryegrass (Lolium mutliflorum Lam. and common wheat (Triticum vulgare Vill.) tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem.) and Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) | Lotina-Hennsen et al., 2013 |
| Annual wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) | Arteether and Artemisinin | Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), pitted morning-glory (Ipomoea lacunose L.), purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). | Duke et al., 1987 |
| Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) | 1α-angeloyloxycarotol | Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) | Kong et al., 2007; Šućur et al., 2021 |
| Bottlebrush (Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels) | Leptospermone | Hairy crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv.), common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), California red oat (Avena sativa L.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) | Cornes, 2005 |
| Long pepper (Piper longum L.) | Sarmentine | Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist) and sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees) | Dayan et al., 2015 |
| Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) | Nimbolide B, Nimbic acid B | Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) | Salam and Kato-Noguchi, 2010 |
| Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) | Heliannuols | Hairy crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.) prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and common tumbleweed (Amaranthus album L.) | Frans and Semidey, 1992 |
| Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.) | Veratric acid, Maltol, and (−)-loliolide | Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) | Zhou et al., 2013 |