Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Summary of immune and neuroprotective effects of sex and pregnancy hormones.
| Hormone | Immune effects | Neuroprotective effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estriol | Anti-inflammatory | Neuroprotective, aids remyelination | (168–170) |
| Progesterone | Anti-inflammatory | Neuroprotective | (171, 172) |
| Prolactin | Pro-inflammatory (controversial) | Possible role in neurogenesis | (173, 174) |
| Testosterone | Immune suppressive | Possible role in remyelination | (175–177) |
