Table 7.
Estrogen and EAE.
| Type of EAE | Treatment | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic relapsing MBP89-101-induced-EAE in B10.RIII mice | E2 and E3 | Reduced disease severity in both intact and ovariectomized females | (188) |
| Guinea pig MBP-induced EAE in SJL mice | E3 | Protection when given prior to or after induction of EAE via increased IL10 production | (193) |
| MBPAc1-11-induced EAE in Vβ8.2 TCR transgenic B10.PL mice | E2 or E3 | Augmented suppression of disease by Vβ8.2 TCR vaccination, through induction of IL10 and TGFβ by MBP-specific Vβ8.2 T cells | (194) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 cytokine (IL-4, IL-10 or IFNγ) knockout mice | E2 (low dose) | Suppressed disease and reduced TNFα production compared to wildtype mice | (195) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice | E2 | Suppressed disease, reduced DCs in CNS, decreased IFN-γ production by splenic CD11c+CD8α+ DC | (196) |
| MBPAc1-11-induced EAE in Vβ8.2 TCR transgenic B10.PL mice | E2 | Suppressed disease reduced DCs in CNS | (196) |
| PLP139-151-induced EAE in SJL mice | E2 or oral EE | Both E2 and EE suppressed disease when given at time of EAE induction. EE also reduced relapses of EAE when given at the time of development of clinical signs. Both E2 and EE reduced inflammation with decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and MMP9 and increased expression of TGF-β in CNS | (197) |
| PLP139-151-induced EAE in SJL mice or in MBPAc1-11-induced EAE in B10.PL mice | Tamoxifen | Delayed disease onset and reduced cumulative disease scores | (198) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice | E3 | Suppressed disease and reduced MMP9 levels | (169) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice | E2 | Suppressed disease, via increased expression of PD-1 in Treg compartment, increased frequency of Treg cells, and reduced IL17 production | (199) |
| Guinea pig MBP-induced EAE in B10.PL mice and MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice | E2 | E2 is necessary for suppression mediated by Vitamin D3 in ovariectomized female mice and male mice. | (200) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice | E2 | Treatment after disease onset suppressed disease, reduced inflammation and astrocyte production of CCL2 | (201) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice | E2 | Suppressed disease, but not in B cell deficient mice | (202) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice | E2 | Suppressed disease, enhanced regulatory B cells and M2 microglia that are neuroprotective | (203) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in intact and OVX females and male C57BL/6 mice | E2 | Pretreatment protected all mice from EAE via increased regulatory B cells and M2-like macrophages (+ Treg in male and intact females only) | (204) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice | E2 | Suppressed disease, increased Tregs and regulatory cytokines (IL4, IL10, TGFβ) | (205) |
| MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice | E2 | Protects from EAE and prevents EAE-associated changes in gut microbiota | (134) |
E2, estradiol; E3, estriol; EE, ethinyl estradiol (semi-synthetic estrogen compound found in birth control pills).