Table 5.
Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting adequacy of antenatal care
| Adequate | Inadequate | OR (95%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest educational attainment | ||||
| Grade school | 3 (25.00%) | 9 (75.00%) | Ref | |
| High school, vocational, college undergraduate | 112 (50.45%) | 110 (49.55%) | 3.05 (0.81–11.58) | 0.101 |
| College and postgraduate course | 32 (38.55%) | 51 (61.45%) | 1.88 (0.47–7.48) | 0.369 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 39 (36.79%) | 67 (63.21%) | Ref | |
| Married | 53 (50.48%) | 52 (49.52%) | 1.75 (1.01–3.03) | 0.046 |
| Common-law partner | 55 (52.38%) | 50 (47.62%) | 1.89 (1.09–3.28) | 0.023 |
| Divorced/Separated* | 0 | 1 (100%) | - | - |
| Employment status (employed) | 27 (29.67%) | 64 (70.33%) | 0.37 (0.22–0.63) | < 0.001 |
| Monthly household income | ||||
| Less than 20,000 | 130 (44.98%) | 159 (55.02%) | Ref | |
| 20,000 to more than 50,000 | 17 (60.71%) | 11 (39.29%) | 1.89 (0.86–4.18) | 0.116 |
| Geographic location (Region) | ||||
| NCR | 76 (49.67%) | 77 (50.33%) | Ref | |
| Luzon | 59 (46.09%) | 69 (53.91%) | 0.87 (0.54–1.39) | 0.550 |
| Visayas | 7 (30.43%) | 16 (69.57%) | 0.44 (0.17–1.14) | 0.091 |
| Mindanao | 5 (38.46%) | 8 (61.54%) | 0.63 (0.20–2.02) | 0.441 |
| Number of past pregnancies | ||||
| 1 | 55 (37.16%) | 93 (62.84%) | Ref | |
| 2–3 | 67(51.54%) | 63 (48.46%) | 1.80 (1.11–2.90) | 0.016 |
| 4 or more | 25 (64.10%) | 14 (35.90%) | 3.02 (1.45–6.29) | 0.003 |
| Number of abortions | ||||
| None | 122 (45.19%) | 148 (54.81%) | Ref | |
| 1 | 19 (50.00%) | 19 (50.00%) | 1.21 (0.61–2.39) | 0.577 |
| 2 or more | 6 (66.67%) | 3 (33.33%) | 2.42 (0.59–9.90) | 0.217 |
| Number of prior live births | ||||
| 1 | 62 (38.99%) | 97 (61.01%) | Ref | |
| 2–3 | 63 (51.64%) | 59 (48.36%) | 1.67 (1.04–2.69) | 0.035 |
| 4 or more | 22 (61.11%) | 14 (38.89%) | 2.46 (1.17–5.16) | 0.017 |
| Number of living children | ||||
| 1 | 62 (38.99%) | 97 (61.01%) | Ref | |
| 2–3 | 68 (52.71%) | 61 (47.29%) | 1.74 (1.09–2.79) | 0.020 |
| 4 or more | 17 (58.62%) | 12 (42.38%) | 2.22 (0.99–4.96) | 0.053 |
| Existing medical illness (with) | 12 (60.00%) | 8 (40.00%) | 1.80 (0.71–4.53) | 0.212 |
| History of pregnancy complications (with) | 24 (68.57%) | 11 (31.43%) | 2.82 (1.33–5.97) | 0.007 |
| Place of birth of most recent pregnancy | ||||
| Hospital | 91 (51.12%) | 87 (48.88%) | Ref | |
| Lying-in clinic | 53 (40.77%) | 77 (59.23%) | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | 0.073 |
| Home | 3 (33.33%) | 6 (66.67%) | 0.48 (0.12–1.97) | 0.307 |
| Distance to the nearest facility for antenatal care | ||||
| Less than 30 min | 96 (49.48%) | 98 (50.52%) | Ref | |
| 30 min to 1 h | 37 (40.66%) | 54 (59.34%) | 0.70 (0.42–1.16) | 0.165 |
| More than 1 h | 14 (43.75%) | 18 (56.25%) | 0.79 (0.37–1.69) | 0.548 |
| Mode of transportation | ||||
| On foot/bike | 18 (36.00%) | 32 (64.00%) | 0.60 (0.32–1.12) | 0.111 |
| Motorcycle | 26 (50.00%) | 26 (50.00%) | 1.19 (0.66–2.16) | 0.566 |
| Private vehicle | 15 (68.18%) | 7 (31.82%) | 2.65 (1.05–6.68) | 0.039 |
| Public transportation | 108 (45.96%) | 127 (54.04%) | 0.94 (0.57–1.55) | 0.802 |
| Waiting time experienced | ||||
| < 15 min | 14 (29.17%) | 34 (70.83%) | Ref | |
| 15–30 min | 79 (47.88%) | 86 (52.12%) | 2.23 (1.12–4.46) | 0.023 |
| 31–60 min | 25 (45.45%) | 30 (54.55%) | 2.02 (0.89–4.59) | 0.091 |
| > 60 min | 29 (59.18%) | 20 (40.82%) | 3.52 (1.51–8.19) | 0.003 |
| Awareness of policies (aware) | 120 (45.28%) | 145 (54.72%) | 0.77 (0.42–1.39) | 0.381 |
| Participated in medical examination before pregnancy (with) | 75 (37.31%) | 126 (62.69%) | 0.36 (0.23–0.58) | < 0.001 |
| Healthcare provider | ||||
| Doctor | 80 (50.96%) | 77 (49.04%) | 1.44 (0.93–2.25) | 0.106 |
| Midwife | 96 (60.00%) | 64 (40.00%) | 3.12 (1.97–4.94) | < 0.001 |
| Nurse | 26 (29.21%) | 63 (70.79%) | 0.36 (0.22–0.62) | < 0.001 |
| Traditional Birth Attendant | 2 (18.18%) | 9 (81.82%) | 0.25 (0.05–1.16) | 0.077 |
*Analysis for the variable was limited by the inadequate number of the characteristic category. Cells with a frequency of less than five were merged with other cells to ensure adequacy for analysis