Table 2.
Univariate analyses of the QOL of epilepsy people before PSM.
| Variables | QOLIE-31 β (95% CI) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age | −0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.633 |
| Sex | −1.4 (−3.8, 1.0) | 0.264 |
| BMI | −0.3 (−0.6, −0.0) | 0.033 |
| Ethnic minorities | −5.8 (−10.8, −0.7) | 0.026 |
| Without medical insurance | 0.4 (−3.2, 4.1) | 0.807 |
| Lived in rural areas | −6.2 (−8.6, −3.9) | < 0.001 |
| Divorced or separated | −1.4 (−5.9, 3.2) | 0.556 |
| Abnormal living conditions | 0.9 (−2.4, 4.2) | 0.585 |
| Unemployed or out of school | −9.1 (−11.8, −6.3) | < 0.001 |
| No regular income | −3.3 (−5.7, −0.9) | 0.008 |
| Low monthly household income (less than 4000 yuan) | −8.7 (−11.0, −6.3) | < 0.001 |
| Low educational background (high school education or below | −7.4 (−9.8, −5.0) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity in winter | 4.9 (2.4, 7.4) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity in summer | 4.5 (2.0, 7.1) | < 0.001 |
| Age of onset of seizure | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.567 |
| Disease duration | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.0) | 0.085 |
| Epilepsy-related history | ||
| Asphyxia at birth | −2.2 (−6.0, 1.5) | 0.247 |
| Febrile convulsion | −4.5 (−7.6, −1.5) | 0.003 |
| Severe traumatic brain injury | −0.6 (−4.1, 3.0) | 0.749 |
| Encephalitis | −7.4 (−11.8, −3.0) | < 0.001 |
| Craniotomy | −8.8 (−13.6, −3.9) | < 0.001 |
| Family history | −1.8 (−6.1, 2.6) | 0.432 |
| Epilepsy-related EEG changes | −3.9 (−6.4, −1.3) | 0.003 |
| Epilepsy-related abnormalities on MRI | −4.4 (−6.8, −2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Status epilepticus | −4.4 (−7.2, −1.6) | 0.002 |
| Epilepsy severity, NHS3 | −0.7 (−0.8, −0.5) | < 0.001 |
| Frequent seizures | −10.5 (−13.1, −7.9) | < 0.001 |
| Types of epilepsy, general | 4.0 (1.0, 6.9) | 0.009 |
| Etiology of epilepsy | ||
| Structure etiology | −2.5 (−5.1, 0.2) | 0.068 |
| Hippocampal sclerosis | 0.3 (−5.5, 6.1) | 0.92 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 1.2 (−5.9, 8.4) | 0.733 |
| Cerebral tumor | −9.1 (−19.1, 1.0) | 0.077 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7.1 (−5.5, 19.7) | 0.268 |
| Perinatal causes | 3.3 (−7.8, 14.4) | 0.563 |
| Infectious etiology | −8.3 (−12.9, −3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Genetic etiology | −0.2 (−4.5, 4.1) | 0.928 |
| Immune etiology | 4.0 (−7.8, 15.7) | 0.507 |
| Unknown etiology | 3.7 (1.2, 6.2) | 0.003 |
| At least two ASMs | −7.7 (−10.1, −5.3) | < 0.001 |
| DRE | −10.2 (−12.7, −7.8) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | −22.5 (−24.8, −20.2) | < 0.001 |
| SSD | −18.4 (−20.9, −15.9) | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety | −21.0 (−23.6, −18.4) | < 0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DRE, drug-resistant epilepsy; EEG, electroencephalography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NHS, national hospital seizure severity; QOLIE, quality of life in epilepsy inventory; SSD, somatic symptom disorder. Value in bold, p ≤ 0.05.