Table 2.
Hematology values of rats following oral administration of GMI over 13-week period.
| Parameters | Dose level | Male |
Female |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 mg GMI / kg bw | 50 mg GMI / kg bw | 75 mg GMI / kg bw | 100 mg GMI / kg bw | 0 mg GMI / kg bw | 50 mg GMI / kg bw | 75 mg GMI / kg bw | 100 mg GMI / kg bw | |||
| Day 15 | RBC | 10^6/μL | 7.929 ± 0.339 | 7.816 ± 0.297 | 7.902 ± 0.357 | 8.014 ± 0.419 | 7.952 ± 0.355 | 8.059 ± 0.226 | 7.961 ± 0.333 | 8.06 ± 0.405 |
| HCT | Percentage | 47.78 ± 1.99 | 46.69 ± 1.82 | 47.07 ± 2.76 | 47.47 ± 1.77 | 44.95 ± 1.41 | 45.71 ± 1.04 | 45.64 ± 1.14 | 45.73 ± 1.9 | |
| HGB | g/dL | 15.73 ± 0.5 | 15.44 ± 0.56 | 15.71 ± 0.78 | 15.69 ± 0.55 | 15.43 ± 0.48 | 15.84 ± 0.32 | 15.64 ± 0.36 | 15.56 ± 0.68 | |
| MCV | fL | 60.28 ± 1.85 | 59.76 ± 0.84 | 59.53 ± 2.31 | 59.3 ± 1.73 | 56.6 ± 2.11 | 56.75 ± 1.58 | 57.39 ± 1.62 | 56.76 ± 1.19 | |
| MCH | pg | 19.87 ± 0.5 | 19.78 ± 0.38 | 19.91 ± 0.65 | 19.6 ± 0.61 | 19.42 ± 0.67 | 19.66 ± 0.55 | 19.67 ± 0.55 | 19.31 ± 0.55 | |
| MCHC | g/dL | 32.95 ± 0.57 | 33.09 ± 0.44 | 33.43 ± 0.55 | 33.07 ± 0.3 | 34.34 ± 0.51 | 34.68 ± 0.44 | 34.27 ± 0.44 | 34.05 ± 0.54 | |
| ABRETIC | 10^9/L | 264.07 ± 29.09 | 261.06 ± 31.82 | 242.78 ± 18.93 | 262.66 ± 46.29 | 162.77 ± 31.04 | 180.86 ± 37.66 | 153.3 ± 34.3 | 197.49 ± 32.69* | |
| WBC | 10^3/μL | 11.263 ± 3.069 | 12.201 ± 1.814 | 9.402 ± 1.511 | 9.327 ± 1.611 | 11.371 ± 2.472 | 10.646 ± 1.947 | 9.629 ± 4.071 | 10.197 ± 2.433 | |
| ABNEUT | 10^3/μL | 1.233 ± 0.324 | 2.053 ± 0.924** | 1.454 ± 0.404 | 1.257 ± 0.209 | 1.588 ± 1.09 | 1.593 ± 0.58 | 1.539 ± 0.716 | 1.976 ± 0.887 | |
| ABLYMP | 10^3/μL | 9.517 ± 2.824 | 9.557 ± 1.574 | 7.49 ± 1.277 | 7.63 ± 1.52 | 9.282 ± 1.755 | 8.59 ± 1.883 | 7.669 ± 3.398 | 7.744 ± 1.814 | |
| ABMONO | 10^3/μL | 0.293 ± 0.08 | 0.343 ± 0.139 | 0.273 ± 0.091 | 0.264 ± 0.03 | 0.278 ± 0.09 | 0.235 ± 0.07 | 0.211 ± 0.101 | 0.247 ± 0.128 | |
| ABBASO | 10^9/L | 0.025 ± 0.016 | 0.023 ± 0.013 | 0.017 ± 0.014 | 0.013 ± 0.008 | 0.023 ± 0.011 | 0.021 ± 0.008 | 0.019 ± 0.017 | 0.016 ± 0.007 | |
| ABEOS | 10^3/μL | 0.098 ± 0.049 | 0.113 ± 0.029 | 0.084 ± 0.019 | 0.087 ± 0.035 | 0.084 ± 0.035 | 0.099 ± 0.027 | 0.107 ± 0.033 | 0.119 ± 0.053 | |
| PLT | 10^3/μL | 1249.9 ± 235.6 | 1211.7 ± 102.9 | 1254.3 ± 173.6 | 1335.5 ± 209.5 | 1316.5 ± 121 | 1298.8 ± 162.8 | 1248.9 ± 169.5 | 1298.4 ± 233.7 | |
| MPV | fL | 8.18 ± 0.18 | 8.13 ± 0.24 | 8.32 ± 0.12 | 8.24 ± 0.2 | 8.32 ± 0.24 | 8.39 ± 0.2 | 8.64 ± 0.21 | 8.77 ± 0.4** | |
| Day 45 | RBC | 10^6/μL | 8.823 ± 0.329 | 8.822 ± 0.37 | 8.974 ± 0.29 | 9.089 ± 0.386 | 8.151 ± 0.391 | 8.078 ± 0.508 | 8.066 ± 0.24 | 8.187 ± 0.235 |
| HCT | Percentage | 48.88 ± 1.9 | 48.44 ± 1.96 | 49.15 ± 1.77 | 49.33 ± 1.98 | 44.75 ± 1.91 | 44.81 ± 2.41 | 45.03 ± 0.98 | 45.18 ± 1.36 | |
| HGB | g/dL | 16.44 ± 0.55 | 16.38 ± 0.63 | 16.52 ± 0.51 | 16.57 ± 0.66 | 15.32 ± 0.63 | 15.41 ± 0.82 | 15.47 ± 0.36 | 15.42 ± 0.53 | |
| MCV | fL | 55.41 ± 1.42 | 54.93 ± 1.24 | 54.81 ± 2.35 | 54.29 ± 1.34 | 54.93 ± 1.87 | 55.52 ± 1.11 | 55.89 ± 1.09 | 55.2 ± 1.03 | |
| MCH | pg | 18.64 ± 0.53 | 18.58 ± 0.47 | 18.44 ± 0.74 | 18.23 ± 0.44 | 18.79 ± 0.66 | 19.09 ± 0.54 | 19.16 ± 0.32 | 18.84 ± 0.47 | |
| MCHC | g/dL | 33.63 ± 0.7 | 33.81 ± 0.34 | 33.67 ± 0.42 | 33.57 ± 0.33 | 34.22 ± 0.5 | 34.38 ± 0.48 | 34.3 ± 0.55 | 34.13 ± 0.5 | |
| ABRETIC | 10^9/L | 177.25 ± 21.22 | 179.43 ± 22.84 | 184.03 ± 25.54 | 193.25 ± 25.51 | 138.54 ± 36.84 | 147.61 ± 31.92 | 137.1 ± 35.67 | 138.24 ± 39.88 | |
| WBC | 10^3/μL | 11.311 ± 3.749 | 11.592 ± 1.641 | 10.338 ± 1.606 | 11.264 ± 2.127 | 9.561 ± 1.917 | 8.4 ± 2.538 | 8.177 ± 3.257 | 8.925 ± 2.52 | |
| ABNEUT | 10^3/μL | 1.296 ± 0.451 | 1.552 ± 0.441 | 1.568 ± 0.649 | 1.542 ± 0.802 | 1.275 ± 0.601 | 0.942 ± 0.423 | 1.169 ± 0.55 | 1.862 ± 1.582 | |
| ABLYMP | 10^3/μL | 9.358 ± 3.326 | 9.319 ± 1.194 | 8.137 ± 1.52 | 9.026 ± 1.895 | 7.797 ± 1.638 | 7.092 ± 2.146 | 6.637 ± 2.623 | 6.597 ± 2.039 | |
| ABMONO | 10^3/μL | 0.354 ± 0.114 | 0.386 ± 0.104 | 0.342 ± 0.079 | 0.385 ± 0.121 | 0.255 ± 0.078 | 0.173 ± 0.067 | 0.183 ± 0.106 | 0.218 ± 0.099 | |
| ABBASO | 10^9/L | 0.028 ± 0.017 | 0.026 ± 0.01 | 0.023 ± 0.007 | 0.023 ± 0.01 | 0.016 ± 0.007 | 0.01 ± 0.007 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.012 ± 0.007 | |
| ABEOS | 10^3/μL | 0.129 ± 0.047 | 0.161 ± 0.046 | 0.146 ± 0.039 | 0.132 ± 0.048 | 0.101 ± 0.028 | 0.1 ± 0.043 | 0.102 ± 0.035 | 0.143 ± 0.075 | |
| PLT | 10^3/μL | 1144.3 ± 135.7 | 1145.7 ± 91.5 | 1155.5 ± 146.6 | 1219.1 ± 146.9 | 1225.7 ± 128 | 1122.2 ± 134.3 | 1115 ± 116.3 | 1186.5 ± 188.2 | |
| MPV | fL | 8.11 ± 0.19 | 8.3 ± 0.13* | 8.18 ± 0.1 | 8.2 ± 0.22 | 8.14 ± 0.13 | 8.13 ± 0.24 | 8.42 ± 0.23* | 8.3 ± 0.25 | |
| Day 92 | RBC | 10^6/μL | 8.947 ± 0.446 | 8.902 ± 0.342 | 8.876 ± 0.482 | 8.915 ± 0.463 | 7.967 ± 0.443 | 7.828 ± 0.534 | 7.938 ± 0.285 | 8.059 ± 0.336 |
| HCT | Percentage | 48.22 ± 2.31 | 48.11 ± 2.39 | 48.09 ± 3.25 | 47.15 ± 1.85 | 44.92 ± 3.05 | 44 ± 2.55 | 45.38 ± 1.88 | 44.96 ± 1.99 | |
| HGB | g/dL | 15.77 ± 0.65 | 15.56 ± 0.66 | 15.58 ± 0.82 | 15.24 ± 0.57 | 14.9 ± 0.72 | 14.7 ± 0.78 | 15.04 ± 0.49 | 14.82 ± 0.42 | |
| MCV | fL | 53.92 ± 1.79 | 54.03 ± 1.06 | 54.17 ± 2.23 | 52.94 ± 1.43 | 56.39 ± 2.78 | 56.26 ± 1.69 | 57.16 ± 1.26 | 55.79 ± 1.69 | |
| MCH | pg | 17.63 ± 0.58 | 17.47 ± 0.27 | 17.59 ± 0.74 | 17.09 ± 0.55 | 18.72 ± 0.89 | 18.81 ± 0.68 | 18.95 ± 0.31 | 18.4 ± 0.5 | |
| MCHC | g/dL | 32.7 ± 0.66 | 32.33 ± 0.4 | 32.46 ± 0.59 | 32.28 ± 0.31 | 33.21 ± 0.86 | 33.41 ± 0.55 | 33.14 ± 0.61 | 32.98 ± 0.65 | |
| ABRETIC | 10^9/L | 149.3 ± 15.93 | 162.03 ± 26.49 | 152.35 ± 37.18 | 142.55 ± 22.82 | 129.89 ± 29.17 | 135.54 ± 27.34 | 145.85 ± 26.66 | 134.23 ± 33.03 | |
| WBC | 10^3/μL | 12.803 ± 2.745 | 14.684 ± 2.118 | 13.843 ± 3.831 | 13.218 ± 3.021 | 10.817 ± 2.097 | 11.264 ± 3.753 | 10.696 ± 4.498 | 11.314 ± 2.654 | |
| ABNEUT | 10^3/μL | 1.99 ± 1.448 | 1.579 ± 0.291 | 2.095 ± 1.609 | 2.271 ± 1.547 | 1.087 ± 0.263 | 1.665 ± 1.016 | 1.31 ± 0.412 | 1.182 ± 0.501 | |
| ABLYMP | 10^3/μL | 9.976 ± 1.947 | 12.149 ± 1.829 | 10.595 ± 2.117 | 9.944 ± 2.007 | 9.176 ± 1.962 | 8.971 ± 3.109 | 8.721 ± 4.146 | 9.41 ± 2.286 | |
| ABMONO | 10^3/μL | 0.472 ± 0.171 | 0.504 ± 0.149 | 0.63 ± 0.493 | 0.58 ± 0.348 | 0.297 ± 0.068 | 0.33 ± 0.105 | 0.362 ± 0.121 | 0.387 ± 0.123 | |
| ABBASO | 10^9/L | 0.062 ± 0.017 | 0.07 ± 0.009 | 0.069 ± 0.024 | 0.059 ± 0.01 | 0.026 ± 0.007 | 0.036 ± 0.025 | 0.039 ± 0.03 | 0.033 ± 0.016 | |
| ABEOS | 10^3/μL | 0.126 ± 0.039 | 0.197 ± 0.06** | 0.168 ± 0.033 | 0.166 ± 0.059 | 0.086 ± 0.043 | 0.099 ± 0.04 | 0.114 ± 0.069 | 0.149 ± 0.101 | |
| PLT | 10^3/μL | 1022.2 ± 98.8 | 1145.9 ± 111.5 | 1106 ± 119.9 | 1176.3 ± 173.5* | 1111.9 ± 104.1 | 1058.2 ± 197.7 | 1000.4 ± 168.1 | 1169.3 ± 151.2 | |
| MPV | fL | 8.37 ± 0.41 | 8.36 ± 0.2 | 8.36 ± 0.27 | 8.23 ± 0.25 | 8.21 ± 0.55 | 8.19 ± 0.37 | 8.35 ± 0.26 | 8.38 ± 0.51 | |
| Day 120 | RBC | 10^6/μL | 8.446 ± 0.484 | 8.766 ± 0.773 | 7.906 ± 0.285 | 7.784 ± 0.194 | ||||
| HCT | Percentage | 45.12 ± 2.31 | 46.66 ± 2.91 | 44 ± 2.89 | 44.52 ± 1.34 | |||||
| HGB | g/dL | 14.66 ± 0.69 | 15.12 ± 0.99 | 14.42 ± 0.62 | 14.86 ± 0.4 | |||||
| MCV | fL | 53.44 ± 1.52 | 53.32 ± 1.55 | 55.6 ± 1.78 | 57.2 ± 0.91 | |||||
| MCH | pg | 17.38 ± 0.63 | 17.26 ± 0.47 | 18.22 ± 0.18 | 19.08 ± 0.26** | |||||
| MCHC | g/dL | 32.48 ± 0.35 | 32.42 ± 0.26 | 32.84 ± 0.75 | 33.38 ± 0.18 | |||||
| ABRETIC | 10^9/L | 181.58 ± 20.2 | 188.28 ± 18.22 | 151.8 ± 53.15 | 164.76 ± 32.04 | |||||
| WBC | 10^3/μL | 15.288 ± 3.156 | 14.46 ± 3.252 | 9.974 ± 1.275 | 10.014 ± 4.723 | |||||
| ABNEUT | 10^3/μL | 2.314 ± 1.118 | 2.114 ± 0.751 | 1.682 ± 0.232 | 2.006 ± 2.024 | |||||
| ABLYMP | 10^3/μL | 11.954 ± 2.176 | 11.37 ± 2.341 | 7.434 ± 1.402 | 7.272 ± 2.519 | |||||
| ABMONO | 10^3/μL | 0.6 ± 0.146 | 0.616 ± 0.198 | 0.522 ± 0.096 | 0.408 ± 0.233 | |||||
| ABBASO | 10^9/L | 0.058 ± 0.029 | 0.058 ± 0.015 | 0.038 ± 0.008 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | |||||
| ABEOS | 10^3/μL | 0.176 ± 0.046 | 0.12 ± 0.02* | 0.118 ± 0.056 | 0.136 ± 0.059 | |||||
| PLT | 10^3/μL | 1117.8 ± 203.6 | 1201.4 ± 214.3 | 1044.4 ± 208.4 | 964.4 ± 104.1 | |||||
| MPV | fL | 8.54 ± 0.15 | 8.44 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.39 | 8.26 ± 0.39 | |||||
Note: Erythrocyte count (RBC); Hematocrit (HCT); Hemoglobin (HGB); Mean corpuscular volume (MCV); Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); Reticulocyte count (ABRETIC); Leukocyte count (WBC); Leukocyte differential count - Neutrophil (ABNEUT), Lymphocyte (ABLYMP), Monocyte (ABMONO), Basophil (ABBASO), Eosinophil (ABEOS); Platelet count (PLT); Mean Platelet Volume (MPV); * p < 0.05, significantly different from controls; ** p < 0.01, significantly different from controls.