Table 1.
Overview of the used chemicals, used input concentrations and existing skin sensitization data /classifications.
| Abbreviation | Classification |
Input concentration | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLP category | Animal data | Human evidence | |||
| Reference controls (CAS no.) | |||||
| Dimethyl sulfoxide (67–68–5) | DMSO | No cat. | Negative | Negative | 0.1% (v/v) |
| p-Phenylenediamine (106–50–3) | PPD | Skin Sens. 1A | Positive | Positive | 75 µM |
| Fungicide active ingredients (CAS no.) | |||||
| Prothioconazole (178928–70–6) | PRO | No cat. | Negativea,c | 115 µM | |
| Tebuconazole (107534–96–3) | TEB | No cat. | Negativeb,d | 125 µM | |
| Fluazinam (79622–59–6) | FLU | Skin Sens. 1A | Positiveb/Negativec | Positivef | 3 µM |
| Fungicide adjuvants (CAS no.) | |||||
| Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-sulfo-omega-[2,4,6-tris(1-phenylethyl)phenoxy]-, ammonium salt (119432–41–6) | POL | No cat. | 500 µM | ||
| N,N-Dimethylcapramide (14433–76–2) | NND | No cat. | 220 µM | ||
| 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2 H)-one (2634–33–5) | BEN | Skin Sens. 1 | Positivee,c | Positivee | 6.5 µM |
| Defined mixtures | |||||
| FLU (3 µM) + BEN (0.0132 µM) | Mix 4 | 3.01 µM | |||
| FLU (3 µM) + POL (0.091 µM) | Mix 5 | 3.09 µM | |||
| FLU (3 µM) + BEN (0.0132 µM) + POL (0.0914 µM) | Mix 6 | 3.10 µM | |||
| PRO (86.25 µM) + NND (119.18 µM) | Mix 7 | 205.43 µM | |||
| PRO (28.6 µM) + TEB (63.96 µM) + NND (121 µM) | Mix 11 | 213.56 µM | |||
| Commercial fungicide formulations (KEMI registration no.) | |||||
| Proline EC 250 (4688) | Proline | No cat. | 58 µg/mL | ||
| Shirlan (3957) | Shirlan | Skin Sens. 1B | Positivef | 12 µg/mL | |
| Folicur Xpert (5413) | Folicur | Skin Sens. 1 | 40 µg/mL | ||
Abbreviations: CLP – Harmonized classification, labelling and packaging; KEMI –Kemikalieinspektionen (The Swedish Chemicals Agency).
Human evidence regarding skin sensitization hazard according to fGinkel and Sabapathy [46].
aClassification based on the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
bClassification based on the guinea-pig maximization test/Buehler test according to the EFSA.
cClassification based on the guinea-pig maximization test/Buehler test according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).
dAnimal classification according to US EPA data (in vivo method not specified).
eClassification based on the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA), the guinea-pig maximization test/Buehler test, or human data according to Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS).