Table 1.

Summary characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis of CVS and its determinants, 2022.

Author/s/reference	Country	Study design	Sample size	Response rate (%)	Prevalence (%)	Study subjects
Abudawood et al.39	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional	587	100	95.1	Students
Agbonlahor et al.64	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	215	84	65.1	Government employ
Akowuah et al.84	Ghana	Cross-sectional	362	92.5	64.4	Students
Al Dandan et al.41	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional	198	75.3	50.5	Radiologists
Al Subaie et al.42	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional	416	100	43.5	Population ⩾15 years
Arshad et al.85	Pakistan	Cross-sectional	320	100	58.1	Students
Artime-Ríos et al.47	Spain	Cross-sectional	622	-	56.7	Health workers
Boadi-Kusi et al.51	Ghana	Cross-sectional	139	86.9	71.2	Bank workers
Boadi-Kusi et al.50	Ghana	Cross-sectional	200	65	51.5	University staff
Cantó-Sancho et al.48	Spain	Cross-sectional	244	100	76.6	Students
Derbew et al.53	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	351	98	74.6	Bank workers
Dessie et al.54	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	607	93.1	69.5	Government employ
Gammoh et al.65	Jordan	Cross-sectional	382	92	94.5	Students
Gondol et al.55	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	272	100	81.3	Government employ
Han et al.66	China	Cross sectional	1469	97.9	57.04	Students
Hashemi et al.68	Iran	Cross-sectional	1040	97.2	49.4	Students
Kamal et al.59	Egypt	Cross-sectional	218	96.3	84.8	Bank workers
Lakachew Assefa et al.16	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	304	98.2	73.03	Bank workers
Lemma et al.56	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	455	93	68.8	Secretaries
Lemma et al.57	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	217	96.8	75.6	Secretaries
Logaraj et al.72	India	Cross-sectional	215	100	81.8	Students
Mansoori et al.43	Pakistan	Cross-sectional	150	100	28	Students
Mohan et al.86	India	Cross-sectional	217	83.14	50.2	Children
Nagwa et al.60	Egypt	Cross-sectional	260	100	75	Students
Noreen et al.46	Pakistan	Cross-sectional	326	95.04	98.7	Students
Noreen et al.45	Pakistan	Cross-sectional	198	86.5	67.2	Students
Nwankwo et al.63	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	153	100	54.2	Students
Poudel et al.69	Nepal	Cross-sectional	263	94.9	82.5	IT office workers
Rafeeq et al.74	India	Cross-sectional	120	100	69.2	⩾12 years old population
Ranasinghe et al.78	Serilanka	Cross-sectional	2210	88.4	67.4	Computer office workers
Ranganatha et al.71	India	Cross-sectional	150	100	86.7	Computer sciences students
Rathore et al.75	India	Cross-sectional	150	100	75.3	Computer users
Sa et al.79	Brazil	Cross-sectional	476	89.6	54.6	Call center
Sánchez-Brau et al.49	Spain	Cross-sectional	109	95.6	74.3	Visual display workers
Sawaya et al.81	Beirut	Cross-sectional	457	73.5	67.8	Students
Singh et al.18	India	Cross-sectional	192	96	51.6	Students
Tiwari et al.70	India	Cross-sectional	432	100	32.2	Children
Uchino et al.82	Japan	Cross-sectional	561	83.5	11.6	Visual display terminal users
Verma et al.76	India	Cross-sectional	100	100	74	Computer operators
Vilela et al.80	Brazil	Cross-sectional	964	100	24.7	School children
Wang et al.67	China	Cross-sectional	74	80.12	74.3	Students
Wangsan et al.83	Thailand	Cross-sectional	527	100	81.02	Students
Zalat et al.40	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional	80	100	81.3	Visual display workers
Zayed et al.61	Egypt	Cross-sectional	108	98.18	82.4	IT professionals
Zenbaba et al.58	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	416	98.6	70.43	Students
Iqbal et al.62	Egypt	Case control	733	100	–	Students
Iqbal et al.11	Egypt	Case control	4030	100	–	Students
Moon et al.77	South Korea	Case control	916	100	–	Children
Rossi et al.29	Italy	Case control	194	100	–	Video-terminal (VDT) users