Table 1.
General information extracted from the data set selected for the present systematic review.
| Study | Region | Country | Study type |
Biofilm rate, n (%) |
Species | Type of isolated |
| (Souza et al., 2019) | South America | Brazil | CI - In vitro | 4/4 (100) |
Corynebacterium striatum MDR and MDS | CS |
| (Burton et al., 2006) | North America | Canada | CI - In vitro | 6/6 (100) |
Escherichia coli P18, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, Staphylococcus epidermidis 1457, Klebsiella pneumoniae P30, Proteus mirabilis 6285, and Enterococcus faecalis 36171 | C |
| (Sohail & Latif, 2018) | Asia | Pakistan | In vitro | 203/344 (59) |
MRSA | CVC |
| (Sobczak et al., 2019) | Europe | Poland | CI - In vitro | 15/15 (100) |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. capitis, S. epidermidis, S. cohnii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae | UAC, UVC |
| (Hoque et al., 2016) | Asia | India | CI - In vitro, MMCI - In vivo | 2/2 (100) |
Staphylococcus aureus y E. coli | N/A |
| (Jain et al., 2016) | North America | USA | In vitro | 18/24 (75) |
Acinetobacter baumannii | CVC |
| (Sharma et al., 2011) | Asia | India | In vitro | 61/100 (61) |
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) | CVC, CS |
| (Ramos et al., 2019) | South America | Brazil | CI - In vitro | 2/2 (100) |
C. striatum MDR | CVC, CS |
| (Sued et al., 2017) | South America | Brazil | CI - In vitro | 5/6 (83) |
Oxacillin-resistant S. haemolyticus | MD |
| (Cerezales et al., 2018) | South America | Bolivia | In vitro | 3/3 (100) |
A. baumannii | CVC, CS |
| (Fux et al., 2005) | Europe | Switzerland | In vitro | 19/29 (66) |
CoNS | CVC, CS |
| (Mohamed Jamal et al., 2014) | North America | USA | CI - In vitro | 5/5 (100) |
MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Candida albicans | CS |
| (Souza et al., 2015) | South America | Brazil | CI - In vitro | 4/4 (100) |
C. striatum 1987/I, 2369/II, 1961/III and 1954/IV | CS |
| (Cherifi et al., 2014) | Europe | Belgium | In vitro | 19/20 (95) |
S. epidermidis | CVC |
| (Conlan et al., 2012) | North America | USA | In vitro | 28/28 (100) |
S. epidermidis | CVC, CS |
| (Percival et al., 2005) | Europe | UK | CI - In vitro | 6/6 (100) |
(MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and K. pneumoniae | CS |
| (Petrelli et al., 2008) | Europe | Italy | In vitro | 36/39 (92) |
S. aureus and S. epidermidis | CVC |
| (Soumya et al., 2016) | Asia | India | In vitro | 40/40 (100) |
S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, and S. hominis | CS |
| (Pereira et al., 2014). | South America | Brazil | In vitro | 37/40 (93) |
S. haemolyticus | CS |
| (S. Zhou et al., 2013) | Asia | China | In vitro | 15/22 (68) |
S. epidermidis | CS |
| (Mekni et al., 2012) | Africa | Tunisia | In vitro | 97/97 (100) |
S. epidermidis | CVC, CS |
| (Donelli et al., 2001) | Europe | Italy | CI - In vitro | 74/97 (76) |
S. epidermidis and S. aureus | CVC |
| (Tekeli, 2021) | Asia | Turkey | In vitro | 35/35 (100) |
S. epidermidis RP62A, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, and S. capitis | CVC |
| (Olejnickova et al., 2014) | Europe | Czech Republic | In vitro | 149/175 (85) |
P. aeruginosa | CVC |
| (Kocianova et al., 2005) | North America | USA | MMCI - In vivo | N/A | S. epidermidis and S. aureus | CS |
CI - In vitro: Catheter-infected in vitro; MMCI - In vivo: Mouse model of catheter infection – In vivo; MDR: Multidrug-resistant; MDS: Multidrug-susceptible; MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; CoNS: Coagulase-negative staphylococci; CS: Clinical sites; C: Catheter; CVC: Central venous catheters; UAC: Umbilical arterial catheter; UVC: Umbilical venous catheter; MD: Medical devices; N/A: Not Available.