Table 5.
Biofilm-forming in catheter-infected in vitro.
| Catheters type | Catheter-infected in vitro | Tests of biofilm formation | Country | Study |
| Polyurethane 16-gauge percutaneous nephrostomy catheters | In TSB medium containing 108 CFU/mL of strains | Viability of sessile forms of biofilm | Brazil | (Souza et al., 2019) |
| Coated silicon catheters | In BHI medium containing 107 CFU/mL of strains | Confocal microscopy | Canada | (Burton et al., 2006) |
| 16-gauge percutaneous nephrostomy polyurethane and silicone catheters | In TSB medium containing 106 CFU/mL of strains | Semi-quantitative roll plate method and SEM | Brazil | (Ramos et al., 2019) |
| Polyurethane 16-gauge percutaneous nephrostomy catheters | In TSB medium containing 106 CFU/mL of strains | Semi-quantitative roll plate method and SEM | Brazil | (Sued et al., 2017) |
| Polyurethane CVC coated with CHX-M/R and uncoated catheter | In MHB medium containing 5×105 CFU/mL of strains | Counts for colony growth | USA | (Muhsin Jamal et al., 2018) |
| Polyurethane 16-gauge percutaneous nephrostomy catheters | In TSB medium containing 5×106 CFU/mL of strains | Quantitative and semi-quantitative roll plate methods and SEM | Brazil | (Souza et al., 2015) |
| Triple-lumen catheter | In TSB medium containing 104 CFU/mL of strains | Counts for colony growth and SEM | UK | (Percival et al., 2005) |
SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy; CFU: Colony-Forming Unit.